S\u00e3o Paulo je d\u016fkazem transformace. Od sv\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f jako skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bjezuitsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v roce 1554 a\u017e po sou\u010dasnou pozici glob\u00e1ln\u00edho m\u011bsta se rozrostlo v nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 centrum ji\u017en\u00ed polokoule. V nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00ed se 800 metr\u016f na Brazilsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b, asi sedmdes\u00e1t kilometr\u016f ve vnitrozem\u00ed od Atlantiku, jeho n\u00e1zev \u2013 na po\u010dest apo\u0161tola Pavla \u2013 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o minulosti formovan\u00e9 v\u00edrou a podnikavost\u00ed. Jeho latinsk\u00e9 motto Non ducor, duco (\u201eNenech\u00e1m se v\u00e9st, j\u00e1 vedu\u201c) se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v trajektorii m\u011bsta od koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed hranice k ekonomick\u00e9 velmoci.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00edmi obyvateli osady byli jezuit\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed uprost\u0159ed hust\u00e9ho atlantsk\u00e9ho lesa postavili Col\u00e9gio de S\u00e3o Paulo de Piratininga. Byli to dobrodruzi zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako bandeirantes \u2013 zlatokopov\u00e9 a lovci otrok\u016f \u2013, kdo roznesli jm\u00e9no osady do vnitrozem\u00ed. Po stalet\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1valo S\u00e3o Paulo okrajov\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm a\u017e do poloviny 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy se za\u010dal p\u011bstovat k\u00e1va. Kolem n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161iny vyr\u016fstaly plant\u00e1\u017ee a bohatstv\u00ed proudilo p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edstav Santos, co\u017e podn\u00edtilo p\u0159\u00edchod migrant\u016f z It\u00e1lie, Japonska, Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed. V polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed industrializace p\u0159il\u00e1kala lidi ze v\u0161ech region\u016f Braz\u00edlie a n\u00e1sledn\u011b podpo\u0159ila vznik nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed portugalsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed metropole na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
Dnes se obec rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e 1 521,11 km\u00b2, z \u010deho\u017e je zastav\u011bno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 949 km\u00b2, a tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro Velk\u00e9ho S\u00e3o Paula \u2013 domova v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Rozr\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bst spojuje sousedn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsta do S\u00e3o Paulo Macrometropolis, prvn\u00ed megalopole na ji\u017en\u00ed polokouli s populac\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed t\u0159icet milion\u016f. Ve m\u011bst\u011b dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed okresy 32 subprefektur, zat\u00edmco radi\u00e1ln\u00ed barevn\u011b odli\u0161en\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed z\u00f3ny \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tok deseti hlavn\u00edch d\u00e1lnic, kter\u00e9 se v\u011btv\u00ed od jeho st\u0159edu.<\/p>\n
S\u00e3o Paulo, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba deset procent brazilsk\u00e9ho HDP a v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu produkce st\u00e1tu, je p\u0159edn\u00ed ekonomikou Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky. B3, burza cenn\u00fdch pap\u00edr\u016f se s\u00eddlem na Paulista Avenue, se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed burzy na kontinentu podle tr\u017en\u00ed kapitalizace. Finan\u010dn\u00ed koridory se t\u00e1hnou pod\u00e9l Faria Lima a Berrini, kde se shlukuj\u00ed nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed centr\u00e1ly \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161edes\u00e1t t\u0159i procent zahrani\u010dn\u00edch firem v Braz\u00edlii zde m\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159e. Univerzita v S\u00e3o Paulu, p\u0159edn\u00ed akademick\u00e1 instituce v zemi, je z\u00e1kladem jedn\u00e9 t\u0159etiny brazilsk\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch publikac\u00ed, co\u017e \u0159ad\u00ed tuto metropoli mezi sto nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch a technologick\u00fdch klastr\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le muze\u00ed a pam\u00e1tek. Park Ibirapuera, koncipovan\u00fd jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed park m\u011bsta, nab\u00edz\u00ed odpo\u010dinek vedle Muzea modern\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed (Museu de Arte Moderna); Muzeum um\u011bn\u00ed v S\u00e3o Paulu uchvacuje svou prosklenou fas\u00e1dou; Pinacoteca uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u00edla z 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed; Muzeum portugalsk\u00e9ho jazyka oslavuje jazykov\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Kalend\u00e1\u0159 je dopln\u011bn ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmi akcemi: davy um\u011bleck\u00e9ho bien\u00e1le se sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed do Pavilh\u00e3o Ciccillo Matarazzo; Fashion Week definuje trendy; Lollapalooza svol\u00e1v\u00e1 mlad\u00e9; Comic Con Experience shroma\u017e\u010fuje nad\u0161ence; Gay Pride Parade si raz\u00ed cestu p\u0159es Paulistu, druhou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed LGBT oslavu na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n
Z ekologick\u00e9ho hlediska se m\u011bsto nach\u00e1z\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce biom\u016f. V poho\u0159\u00ed Serra da Cantareira na severu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed zbytky atlantick\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa; mezi m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi \u010dtvrt\u011bmi se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed porosty druh\u016f cerrado \u2013 ip\u00eas, araucarias a jabuticabeiras. St\u00e1tn\u00ed parky od Cantareiry po Jaragu\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 900 hektar\u016f lesa, p\u0159esto je zelen\u00fd porost st\u00e1le omezen\u00fd \u2013 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dv\u011b procenta rozlohy m\u011bsta. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 jaro se objevuje avifauna: drozd rezavoleskl\u00fd, kolib\u0159\u00edci a tangary se prod\u00edraj\u00ed korunami strom\u016f. Pod\u00e9l zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch vodn\u00edch tok\u016f p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed kapybary a volavky, tich\u00e9 ukazatele vytrvalosti p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n
Klima S\u00e3o Paula je vlhk\u00e9 subtropick\u00e9. L\u00e9to p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tepl\u00e9 teploty s minimy kolem 19 \u00b0C a maximy a\u017e 28 \u00b0C; zimn\u00ed denn\u00ed teploty se pohybuj\u00ed mezi 12 \u00b0C a 22 \u00b0C. Sr\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 dosahuj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 1 454 mm ro\u010dn\u011b, se koncentruj\u00ed v teplej\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Ob\u010dasn\u00e9 \u201ever\u00e1nico\u201c v \u200b\u200bsrpnu s sebou nese neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 horko. Vlny veder \u2013 jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u010dty\u0159t\u00fddenn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst v roce 2014 \u2013 dos\u00e1hly vrcholu nad 36 \u00b0C. Zimy se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed sporadick\u00fdmi mrazy na okraj\u00edch a klidnou oblohou ve st\u0159edu. Vy\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podzemn\u00edch vod, zhor\u0161en\u00e9 klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, p\u0159edznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed probl\u00e9my se zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm budouc\u00edho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta vodou.<\/p>\n
Leteck\u00e1 doprava se sb\u00edh\u00e1 do dvou uzl\u016f, Guarulhos \u2013 odbavuj\u00edc\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dopravu \u2013 a Congonhas pro vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed lety. Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Campo de Marte, postaven\u00e9 v roce 1935, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou pro vrtuln\u00edky v zemi. Na sou\u0161i spojuje s\u00ed\u0165 deseti feder\u00e1ln\u00edch a st\u00e1tn\u00edch d\u00e1lnic S\u00e3o Paula v\u0161echny brazilsk\u00e9 kompasov\u00e9 body: Anchieta a Imigrantes se sva\u017euj\u00ed pod\u00e9l Serra do Mar k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed; President Dutra spojuje m\u011bsta na v\u00fdchod\u011b; Anhanguera a Bandeirantes se t\u00e1hnou severoz\u00e1padn\u011b. Obchvat Rodoanel M\u00e1rio Covas, kter\u00fd se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed dokon\u010den\u00ed, obklop\u00ed metropoli v okruhu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 23 kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n
Stadiony a okruhy hostily sv\u011btov\u00e9 poh\u00e1ry, Panamerick\u00e9 hry a z\u00e1vody Formule 1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd prosinec se b\u011b\u017eci sch\u00e1zej\u00ed na silni\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vod Saint Silvester. No\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivot pulzuje v barech ve Vila Madalena, no\u010dn\u00edch kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch na Avenida Paulista a loftov\u00fdch klubech v Barra Funda. Pouli\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivot se m\u00eds\u00ed s klaksony aut, bubnov\u00e1n\u00edm ve favel\u00e1ch a \u00fatr\u017eky MPB (brazilsk\u00e9 popul\u00e1rn\u00ed hudby).<\/p>\n
Podstata S\u00e3o Paula spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v kontrastu ocelov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed s zalesn\u011bn\u00fdmi kopci, v neust\u00e1l\u00fdch ambic\u00edch protkan\u00fdch oblastmi klidu. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 prost\u0159edn\u00edkem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu, kalistrem kulturn\u00edho projevu a \u017eiv\u00fdm organismem, kter\u00fd se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed. Zde v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed \u2013 od\u011bn\u00e9 v kamenn\u00fdch fas\u00e1d\u00e1ch, ozv\u011bna z n\u00e1stupi\u0161\u0165 metra a \u0161eptan\u00e9 pod korunami zbyl\u00fdch les\u016f \u2013 p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 jako nejpravdiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odkaz m\u011bsta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00e3o Paulo, articulated with a distinctive intonation in Brazilian Portuguese, represents more than a city; it embodies a unique entity. Jesuit priests laid the groundwork for a city rising to be among the most powerful in the world in 1554. S\u00e3o Paulo, which honors the apostle Paul, has religious roots. “Non ducor, duco” (“I am not led, I lead”), the city’s Latin motto, captures the core of leadership and creativity that has driven its growth over ages.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3653,"parent":7508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7575","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7575\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}