Paramaribo se ty\u010d\u00ed na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky, kter\u00e1 nese jeho jm\u00e9no, rozloha \u010dervenohn\u011bd\u00e9ho d\u0159eva a kamene zasazen\u00e1 do rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 zelen\u011b. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina obyvatel Surinamu \u017eije v jeho hranic\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto \u010d\u00edslo se p\u0159i posledn\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 2012 bl\u00ed\u017eilo 241 000. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed j\u00e1dro m\u011bsta, kde se koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed fas\u00e1dy op\u00edraj\u00ed o \u00fazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky a slune\u010dn\u00ed paprsky se val\u00ed na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch okenic\u00edch, si v roce 2002 vyslou\u017eilo uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za pam\u00e1tku sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. V t\u00e9to \u010dtvrti se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 a m\u00edstn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed tradice a ka\u017ed\u00e1 budova nese otisk po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch vl\u00e1dc\u016f a praktick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky vlhk\u00e9ho podneb\u00ed.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1zev Paramaribo poch\u00e1z\u00ed z domorod\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed \u2013 ale takov\u00e9ho, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi jazyky. Ran\u00e9 nizozemsk\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy jej uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed jako Parmurbo, co\u017e je term\u00edn p\u0159ipisovan\u00fd domorod\u00e9mu os\u00eddlen\u00ed u \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky. Lingvist\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed tyto slo\u017eky s tupijsko-guaran\u00edjsk\u00fdmi ko\u0159eny: para pro \u201evelkou \u0159eku\u201c a maribo pro jej\u00ed obyvatele. Evropsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost za\u010dala v roce 1613, kdy Nicolaes Baliestel a Dirck Claeszoon van Sanen postavili na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky obchodn\u00ed stanici. Francouz\u0161t\u00ed a angli\u010dt\u00ed obchodn\u00edci se v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch pokou\u0161eli o usazen\u00ed, ale ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich p\u0159ed polovinou stolet\u00ed ztroskotal.<\/p>\n
V roce 1650 zalo\u017eila skupina vyslan\u00e1 guvern\u00e9rem Barbadosu Surinam pod anglickou z\u00e1\u0161titou. Ji\u017en\u011b od m\u00edsta, kter\u00e9 se pozd\u011bji stalo modern\u00edm centrem, zalo\u017eili m\u011bsto a postavili obrannou strukturu zn\u00e1mou jako Fort Willoughby. V roce 1662 kr\u00e1l Karel II. ud\u011blil osadu a p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 vnitrozem\u00ed sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edkovi Francisi Willoughbymu. Osudy kolonie se znovu zm\u011bnily b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 anglo-nizozemsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy se m\u011bsta v roce 1667 zmocnila nizozemsk\u00e1 eskadra pod velen\u00edm Abrahama Crijnssena. Bredsk\u00e1 smlouva z t\u00e9ho\u017e roku potvrdila nizozemskou vl\u00e1du. Fort Willoughby p\u0159ijal n\u00e1zev Fort Zeelandia na po\u010dest provincie, kter\u00e1 financovala Crijnssenovu expedici. A\u010dkoli kartografov\u00e9 ozna\u010dovali osadu jako New Middelburg, m\u00edstn\u00ed zvyklost z\u016fstala neochv\u011bjn\u00e1 ve prosp\u011bch Paramariba.<\/p>\n
Obyvatelstvo m\u011bsta se od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku uk\u00e1zalo b\u00fdt r\u016fznorod\u00e9. Mezi prvn\u00edmi anglick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edmi byla \u0159ada \u017eidovsk\u00fdch rodin, jejich\u017e potomci zalo\u017eili jednu z nejstar\u0161\u00edch synagog v Americe, Neveh Shalom. P\u0159\u00edtomnost synagogy sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o komunit\u011b, kter\u00e1 vyva\u017eovala n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed obchod s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady. Po emancipaci v roce 1863 z\u00edskali osvobozen\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci v roce 1873 pr\u00e1vo opustit plant\u00e1\u017en\u00ed panstv\u00ed. Mnoz\u00ed se p\u0159esunuli do Paramariba, p\u0159itahov\u00e1ni ekonomick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostmi a ur\u010ditou m\u00edrou anonymity v jeho rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se \u010dtvrt\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Paramaribo si udr\u017eelo svou administrativn\u00ed p\u0159evahu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nizozemsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a v roce 1975 z\u00edskalo nez\u00e1vislost. Po\u017e\u00e1ry formovaly fyzick\u00fd charakter hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta: po\u017e\u00e1r v lednu 1821 zni\u010dil p\u0159es \u010dty\u0159i sta budov; dal\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1832 zni\u010dil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 pades\u00e1t budov. Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed soudy odsoudily t\u0159i zotro\u010den\u00e9 mu\u017ee \u2013 Kodja, Mentora a Presenta \u2013 za zap\u00e1len\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ru v roce 1832; ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich byl popraven up\u00e1len\u00edm. Tyto ud\u00e1losti vedly k rekonstrukci z cihel a \u0161tuku, p\u0159esto d\u0159evo z\u016fstalo preferovan\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro v\u011bt\u0161inu obytn\u00fdch budov.<\/p>\n
M\u011bstsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va se p\u0159izp\u016fsobila v roce 1987, kdy \u00fa\u0159ady rozd\u011blily Paramaribo na dvan\u00e1ct resort\u016f neboli jurisdikc\u00ed. Tento syst\u00e9m odr\u00e1\u017eel jak r\u016fst populace, tak pot\u0159ebu m\u00edstn\u00edch spr\u00e1vn\u00edch struktur schopn\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161it infrastrukturu, zdravotnictv\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. O dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, v kv\u011btnu 1972, m\u011bsto slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159elo sv\u016fj zoologick\u00fd park. Zoologick\u00e1 zahrada v Paramaribu p\u0159edstavila obyvatel\u016fm i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm druhy poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze surinamsk\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u016f a nab\u00eddla kontrolovan\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed kajman\u016f, opic a andulek bez dlouh\u00fdch plaveb po \u0159ece.<\/p>\n
Fyzick\u00e1 geografie vnucuje m\u011bstsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu st\u00e1l\u00fd rytmus. Paramaribo le\u017e\u00ed asi patn\u00e1ct kilometr\u016f ve vnitrozem\u00ed od Atlantiku, na z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u0159eky. Rovina kolem n\u011bj z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00e1 a ploch\u00e1, s hust\u00fdm porostem t\u00edsn\u00edc\u00edm se k okraji vody. Klimaticky spad\u00e1 oblast do kategorie K\u00f6ppen Af, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje st\u00e1l\u00fdm teplem a vydatn\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami. Na rozd\u00edl od karibsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f zasa\u017een\u00fdch pas\u00e1ty a ob\u010dasn\u00fdmi bou\u0159kami le\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Surinamu v intertropick\u00e9 konvergen\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b. M\u011bsto zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161edes\u00e1t milimetr\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek; ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrny jsou v pr\u016fm\u011bru 2 135 milimetr\u016f. Sr\u00e1\u017eky vrchol\u00ed od dubna do \u010dervence, zat\u00edmco od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed do listopadu se p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148ky li\u0161\u00ed jen o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b. Denn\u00ed maxima se pohybuj\u00ed kolem t\u0159iceti stup\u0148\u016f Celsia; minima z\u0159\u00eddka klesaj\u00ed pod dvacet \u010dty\u0159i stup\u0148\u016f.<\/p>\n
Demografick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed podtrhuje multikulturn\u00ed charakter Paramariba. Kreolov\u00e9 \u2013 africk\u00e9ho nebo sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho afro-evropsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvacet sedm procent obyvatel. V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Indov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed dvacet t\u0159i procent; Marooni, potomci uprchl\u00fdch zotro\u010den\u00fdch Afri\u010dan\u016f, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed asi \u0161estn\u00e1ct procent. Multirasov\u00e9 osoby tvo\u0159\u00ed osmn\u00e1ct procent, zat\u00edmco J\u00e1vci deset procent. Domorod\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dv\u011b procenta; mozaiku dopl\u0148uj\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9, libanonsk\u00e9, portugalsk\u00e9 a evropsk\u00e9 komunity. V posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159idali do m\u011bstsk\u00e9 tapiserie dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvy brazil\u0161t\u00ed a guayan\u0161t\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci spolu s nov\u00fdmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi podnikateli.<\/p>\n
M\u011bsto je z\u00e1kladem ekonomiky Surinamu. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bankovnictv\u00ed, poji\u0161\u0165oven a obchodn\u00edch firem se s\u00eddlem v jeho hranic\u00edch z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjmy ze zlata, ropy, bauxitu, r\u00fd\u017ee a tropick\u00e9ho d\u0159eva. A\u010dkoli samotn\u00e9 Paramaribo produkuje jen omezenou \u010d\u00e1stku, instituce zde spravuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu exportn\u00edch v\u00fdnos\u016f. Odhaduje se, \u017ee sedmdes\u00e1t p\u011bt procent hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu zem\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b. Finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010dtvr\u0165 s \u00fazk\u00fdmi uli\u010dkami a kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi budovami ve st\u0159edn\u00edch patrech slou\u017e\u00ed jako centrum pro dom\u00e1c\u00ed podniky i zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investory. Cestovn\u00ed ruch nabral na obr\u00e1tk\u00e1ch: n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci z Nizozemska cestuj\u00ed letecky na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Johana Adolfa Pengela, zat\u00edmco vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed lety vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Zorg en Hoop v r\u00e1mci m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n
Dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura zahrnuje most Julese Wijdenbosche, zav\u011b\u0161en\u00fd most spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Paramaribo s Meerzorgem na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm b\u0159ehu. Tento p\u0159echod tvo\u0159\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st v\u00fdchodoz\u00e1padn\u00ed trasy, hlavn\u00ed silnice t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se p\u0159es severn\u00ed Surinam. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprava proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavem Julese Sedneyho, kter\u00fd je vybaven pro manipulaci s kontejnerov\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi a hromadn\u00fdm n\u00e1kladem. Waterkant, b\u00fdval\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed molo, nyn\u00ed host\u00ed osobn\u00ed trajekty p\u0159epravuj\u00edc\u00ed doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed a turisty mezi b\u0159ehy \u0159eky.<\/p>\n
Leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jako Gum Air a Blue Wing Airlines maj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed s\u00eddlo na leti\u0161ti Zorg en Hoop. Tito provozovatel\u00e9 obsluhuj\u00ed odlehl\u00e9 destinace vnitrozem\u00ed a propojuj\u00ed zlat\u00e1 pole, t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed t\u00e1bory a osady domorod\u00fdch obyvatel s vybaven\u00edm hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. Tato s\u00ed\u0165 dopl\u0148uje pozemn\u00ed dopravu a podtrhuje roli Paramariba jako\u017eto m\u00edsta odletu i p\u0159\u00edletu.<\/p>\n
Paramaribo si ve sv\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00edch a \u0161irok\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 stopy ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u00e9ry, kterou pro\u0161lo. Dla\u017eebn\u00ed kostky hrani\u010d\u00ed s asfaltem; okenice nat\u0159en\u00e9 okrovou nebo zelenou barvou r\u00e1muj\u00ed olovnat\u00e9 sklo. Tr\u017en\u00ed prodejci pln\u00ed pytle maniokem a paprikami, zat\u00edmco obchodn\u00edci v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed bal\u00edky zlat\u00e9ho prachu pod stejn\u00fdm baldach\u00fdnem, kter\u00fd kdysi poskytoval \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodn\u00edk\u016fm. Ulicemi m\u011bsta se hem\u017e\u00ed sm\u011bsice sranan tongo, holand\u0161tiny, hind\u0161tiny a j\u00e1v\u0161tiny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd jazyk p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jinou kapitolu os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Paramaribo z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivouc\u00edm archivem, jeho d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 zdi a terasy na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed jak \u00fatrapy, tak i adaptaci. V t\u00e9to kontinuit\u011b m\u00edsta hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto odhaluje, jak se skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bobchodn\u00ed st\u0159edisko rozrostlo v metropolitn\u00ed uzel, formovan\u00fd dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm, obchodem a sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm kultur.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Paramaribo, the capital and biggest city of Suriname, sits along the Suriname River. It’s an amazing mix of history, cultures, and unspoiled beauty. Paramaribo forms the hub of the politics, business, and culture of this little South American nation. Because of centuries of colonization and immigration from all around the world, it provides visitors with a unique view into a society quite unlike others. Paramaribo’s busy markets, Dutch colonial architecture, and mild tropical temperature make it a delightful destination. It’s also the portal to Suriname’s verdant interior rainforests.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4567,"parent":7304,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7317","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7317"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7317\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}