Surinam zauj\u00edm\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00fd p\u00e1s pod\u00e9l severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, ohrani\u010den\u00fd Atlantsk\u00fdm oce\u00e1nem na severu, Francouzskou Guyanou na v\u00fdchod\u011b, Guyanou na z\u00e1pad\u011b a Braz\u00edli\u00ed na jihu. Jeho 163 820 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch je pokryto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b de\u0161tn\u00fdm pralesem, co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl lesn\u00edho porostu ze v\u0161ech zem\u00ed. M\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e sedm obyvatel na kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed ob\u00fdv\u00e1 ji\u017en\u00ed vnitrozem\u00ed; v\u011bt\u0161ina populace se shlukuje pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch n\u00ed\u017ein. Paramaribo, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na \u0159ece Surinam p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b deset kilometr\u016f do vnitrozem\u00ed od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, poskytuje \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovin\u011b z 625 000 obyvatel zem\u011b.<\/p>\n
Surinam se t\u00e1hne od 1\u00b0 do 6\u00b0 severn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky a 54\u00b0 do 58\u00b0 z\u00e1padn\u00ed d\u00e9lky a d\u011bl\u00ed se na dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed geografick\u00e9 oblasti. Severn\u00edch deset a\u017e dvacet kilometr\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed poldry, kter\u00e9 byly od koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry ohrani\u010deny hr\u00e1zemi a odvodn\u011bny, aby umo\u017enily p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee, ban\u00e1n\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch exportn\u00edch plodin. T\u0159i hlavn\u00ed \u00fast\u00ed \u0159ek \u2013 Coppename, Commewijne a Saramacca \u2013 se vl\u00e9vaj\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00fdch mangrovov\u00fdch ba\u017ein, ne\u017e se dostanou do mo\u0159e. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed pozvoln\u00fd stoup\u00e1n\u00ed k savan\u00e1m a horsk\u00fdm travnat\u00fdm porost\u016fm, kter\u00e9 lemuj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 mok\u0159ady pod\u00e9l brazilsk\u00e9 hranice. Za nimi se na Guyansk\u00e9m \u0161t\u00edtu nach\u00e1zej\u00ed dv\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 p\u00e1sma: Bakhuys na z\u00e1pad\u011b a poho\u0159\u00ed Van Asch Van Wijck uprost\u0159ed. Julianatop s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 1 286 metr\u016f p\u0159edstavuje nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod Surinamu.<\/p>\n
Lidsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost v regionu sah\u00e1 a\u017e do \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., kdy se komunity Arawak\u016f a Karib\u016f p\u0159izp\u016fsobily \u017eivotu v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch a lesn\u00edch oblastech. Kontakt s Evropou za\u010dal v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed a koncem 17. stolet\u00ed si Holan\u010fan\u00e9 ujali kontroly nad v\u011bt\u0161inou dne\u0161n\u00edho \u00fazem\u00ed. Kolonii udr\u017eovali jako ekonomiku s cukrov\u00fdmi plant\u00e1\u017eemi, kterou udr\u017eovali zotro\u010den\u00ed Afri\u010dan\u00e9 a\u017e do emancipace v roce 1863. \u00dapadek otrock\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce vedl k n\u00e1boru d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f na dobu neur\u010ditou z Britsk\u00e9 Indie a Nizozemsk\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Indie; jejich potomci se v dne\u0161n\u00ed etnicky pluralitn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed k potomk\u016fm africk\u00e9ho, domorod\u00e9ho, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho a j\u00e1vsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 skupina nep\u0159esahuje t\u0159icet procent populace. Pod\u00edl hinduistick\u00fdch a muslimsk\u00fdch stoupenc\u016f se \u0159ad\u00ed k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v Americe.<\/p>\n
Nizozemsk\u00e1 autorita se vyvinula ve dvac\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed. V roce 1954 z\u00edskal Surinam status autonomn\u00ed zem\u011b v r\u00e1mci Nizozemsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed; \u00fapln\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost n\u00e1sledovala 25. listopadu 1975. Diplomatick\u00e9 a ekonomick\u00e9 vazby s Nizozemskem z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed siln\u00e9. Holand\u0161tina slou\u017e\u00ed jako jedin\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve vl\u00e1d\u011b, obchodu, m\u00e9di\u00edch a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Sranan Tongo, kreol\u0161tina odvozen\u00e1 od angli\u010dtiny, funguje jako lingua franca. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u0161edes\u00e1t procent obyvatel mluv\u00ed nizozemsky jako rodn\u00fd jazyk; v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch si ji osvoj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zky.<\/p>\n
Administrativn\u011b se republika d\u011bl\u00ed na deset okres\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd podl\u00e9h\u00e1 prezidentem jmenovan\u00e9mu komisa\u0159i. Tyto okresy se d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na 62 rekrea\u010dn\u00edch oblast\u00ed (ressorten), kter\u00e9 d\u00e1le zahrnuj\u00ed vesnice, m\u011bsta a \u010dtvrti. Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jak plant\u00e1\u017ee z koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry, tak i hranice domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva.<\/p>\n
Surinamsk\u00e9 klima je po cel\u00fd rok hork\u00e9 a vlhk\u00e9 s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi teplotami mezi 29 a 34 \u00b0C a relativn\u00ed vlhkost\u00ed vzduchu 80 a\u017e 90 procent. Dv\u011b obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f \u2013 duben a\u017e srpen a listopad a\u017e \u00fanor \u2013 se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed se dv\u011bma krat\u0161\u00edmi obdob\u00edmi sucha. Vysok\u00e1 vlhkost vzduchu zesiluje vn\u00edman\u00e9 teplo a\u017e o 6 \u00b0C. Rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 slunce a \u010dast\u00e9 bou\u0159e utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed krajinu s bujnou vegetac\u00ed a bohat\u00fdmi vodn\u00edmi cestami.<\/p>\n
Republika se py\u0161n\u00ed \u0161esti suchozemsk\u00fdmi ekoregiony. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed mangrovy ustupuj\u00ed ba\u017einat\u00fdm les\u016fm pobl\u00ed\u017e Paramariba. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed Guyansk\u00e9 vrchoviny a n\u00ed\u017einy vlhk\u00e9 lesy. Pod\u00e9l ji\u017en\u00edch hranic se objevuj\u00ed savany a izolovan\u00e9 p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 tepui pror\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed koruny strom\u016f. Tyto lesy, posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 pro v\u011bdce i ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159\u00edrody, dosahuj\u00ed indexu integrity lesn\u00ed krajiny 9,39 z 10, co\u017e je p\u00e1t\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnota na sv\u011bt\u011b. Dvacet sedm procent \u00fazem\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed ve form\u00e1ln\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch rezervac\u00edch. Samotn\u00e1 Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace Surinamu pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 16 000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, co\u017e je rozloha v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n
Ekonomika z\u00e1vis\u00ed na v\u00fdvozu nerostn\u00fdch surovin \u2013 bauxitu, zlata a ropy \u2013, kter\u00fd je dopln\u011bn zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm. T\u011b\u017eba bauxitu v polovin\u011b dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed etablovala Surinam jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj hlin\u00edkov\u00e9 rudy, zat\u00edmco koncese na zlato se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na vnitrozemsk\u00e9 \u0159eky. Mezi zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkty pat\u0159\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee, ban\u00e1ny a krevety. Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 aktivita se soust\u0159e\u010fuje v Paramaribu, kde p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a zpracovatelsk\u00e9 z\u00e1vody slou\u017e\u00ed jak dom\u00e1c\u00edmu, tak mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu obchodu.<\/p>\n
Dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd ter\u00e9n zem\u011b. Celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka silnic je 4 303 kilometr\u016f, z nich\u017e 1 119 kilometr\u016f m\u00e1 asfalt. Most Julese Wijdenbosche, dokon\u010den\u00fd v roce 2000, se p\u0159eklenuje p\u0159es \u0159eku Surinam pobl\u00ed\u017e Paramaribo a spojuje hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto s okresem Commewijne, nahrazuje trajektovou p\u0159ejezd a podporuje rozvoj v\u00fdchodn\u011b od metropole. Doprava se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed levostrann\u00fdm re\u017eimem, co\u017e je poz\u016fstatek britsk\u00e9 okupace a nizozemsk\u00e9 praxe z osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Vozidla zahrnuj\u00ed modely s levostrann\u00fdm i pravostrann\u00fdm \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Letectv\u00ed se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na 55 leti\u0161\u0165, z nich\u017e \u0161est m\u00e1 zpevn\u011bn\u00e9 ranveje. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Johana Adolfa Pengela odbavuje d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 lety a v\u011bt\u0161inu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edlet\u016f.<\/p>\n
M\u011bstsk\u00fd \u017eivot se soust\u0159e\u010fuje na \u00fazkou pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0148. Historick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro Paramariba, kter\u00e9 je zaps\u00e1no na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO, p\u0159edstavuje m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch staveb \u2013 neoklasicistn\u00edch fas\u00e1d s verandami a okenicemi. Zde se katedr\u00e1la svat\u00e9ho Petra a Pavla, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdstavba za\u010dala v roce 1883 na trosk\u00e1ch b\u00fdval\u00e9ho divadla, ty\u010d\u00ed a\u017e k evropsk\u00fdm kamenn\u00fdm prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016fm. Nedaleko stoj\u00ed me\u0161ita a synagoga ve sd\u00edlen\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti; jejich kongregace si v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b shody n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f domluvily spole\u010dn\u00e1 parkovac\u00ed m\u00edsta. V okrese Wanica nese chr\u00e1m Arya Diwaker, slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd v roce 2001, m\u00edsto figur\u00e1ln\u00edch ikon n\u00e1pisy v\u00e9dsk\u00fdch text\u016f, kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed principy Arya Samaj.<\/p>\n
Venkovsk\u00e9 i vnitrozemsk\u00e9 atrakce poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z amazonsk\u00e9ho ekosyst\u00e9mu. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed park Brownsberg shl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na n\u00e1dr\u017e Brokopondo, kter\u00e1 sama vznikla vybudov\u00e1n\u00edm jedn\u00e9 z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren na sv\u011bt\u011b. Ostrov Tonka, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na n\u00e1dr\u017ei, host\u00ed ekoturistick\u00fd projekt \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd komunitami Saramaccaner Maroon, kte\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ru\u010dn\u011b malovan\u00e9 tykevov\u00e9 misky a dekorativn\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky. Rezervace Raleighvallen, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e1 kolem \u00fates\u016f a pe\u0159ej\u00ed \u0159eky Coppename, nab\u00edz\u00ed mo\u017enosti pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f; vodop\u00e1dy Blanche Marie a Wonotobo lemuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed toky \u0159eky. Lesn\u00ed chaty a indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vesnice umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dodr\u017euj\u00ed pokyny pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n
Bezpe\u010dnost silni\u010dn\u00edho provozu v Surinamu je v kontrastu s jeho klidn\u00fdmi pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi m\u011bsty; v Paramaribu vzrostla kriminalita a ozbrojen\u00e9 loupe\u017ee se vyskytuj\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji. Ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed USA hodnot\u00ed cestovn\u00ed riziko jako \u00farove\u0148 1: dodr\u017eujte b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Demografick\u00e9 trendy vykazuj\u00ed stabiln\u00ed r\u016fst od s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v roce 2012, kdy bylo dosud zaznamen\u00e1no 541 638 obyvatel. V roce 2022 odhady OSN uv\u00e1d\u011bly po\u010det obyvatel na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 624 900. Urbanizace p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed; t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 devades\u00e1t procent obyvatel \u017eije v Paramaribu nebo p\u0159ilehl\u00fdch osad\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Diplomatick\u00e9 vazby zahrnuj\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed v Karibsk\u00e9m spole\u010denstv\u00ed (CARICOM), Organizaci isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce, Organizaci americk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a Organizaci spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Tyto vazby roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed dosah Surinamu za jeho skromnou velikost a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast na region\u00e1ln\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch v\u00fdm\u011bn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9 kompaktn\u00ed populaci tvo\u0159\u00ed bohat\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed rozmanitost Surinamu vrstevnat\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Od koloni\u00e1ln\u00edch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a migruj\u00edc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f a\u017e po rezervace de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u016f a modern\u00ed infrastrukturu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 republika krajinou trval\u00fdch kontrast\u016f. Jej\u00ed hust\u00e9 lesy a pomal\u00e9 \u0159eky jsou sv\u011bdky souhry \u017eivota p\u0159edk\u016f americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f a glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodu, tropick\u00e9ho klimatu a um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho poldru, multietnick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a jednotn\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Surinam se nach\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 odlehl\u00fd a propojen\u00fd, je \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm ekologick\u00e9 integrity a lidsk\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti pod\u00e9l severn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Suriname, a little nation on the northeastern coast of South America, offers a unique mix of cultures, unspoiled environment, and welcoming hospitality. For those looking for real experiences and unspoiled beauty, this hidden treasure is fast rising as a must-see.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4488,"parent":24096,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7304","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7304\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}