Cuzco se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v \u00fazk\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed v And\u00e1ch, jeho\u017e ulice vytesan\u00e9 z kamene a lemovan\u00e9 zdmi p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed dvoj\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed m\u011bsta. V nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce zhruba 3 400 metr\u016f se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v m\u00edst\u011b, kde se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 \u0159eka Huatanay a kde se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed dva sv\u011bty \u2013 inck\u00fd a koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed. V modern\u00edm Peru je Cuzco hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem sv\u00e9 provincie a departementu a jeho populace do roku 2017 p\u0159es\u00e1hla 428 000 obyvatel. Vrstven\u00e1 minulost i sou\u010dasnost m\u011bsta se odhaluj\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, chr\u00e1mu a tr\u017ei\u0161ti.<\/p>\n
Cusco se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pod\u00e9l \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Huatanay (nebo Watanay). Na severu se ty\u010d\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed Vilcabamba, jeho\u017e vrcholy dosahuj\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky 4 000 a\u017e 6 000 metr\u016f; Salcantay s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou 6 271 metr\u016f le\u017e\u00ed asi 60 kilometr\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u011b. M\u00edstn\u00ed klima spad\u00e1 do kategorie subtropick\u00e9 vyso\u010diny (K\u00f6ppen Cwb). Mezi dubnem a z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm je denn\u00ed obloha jasn\u00e1, teploty se pohybuj\u00ed kolem 10 \u00b0C, nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty jsou v \u010dervenci, a v noci se objevuj\u00ed mraz\u00edky. Od \u0159\u00edjna do b\u0159ezna de\u0161t\u011b zal\u00e9vaj\u00ed terasovit\u00e9 kopce a sm\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky; v listopadu je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 teplota 13,3 \u00b0C. Navzdory \u010dast\u00fdm krupobit\u00edm a ob\u010dasn\u00fdm mraz\u016fm sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed naposledy padlo v \u010dervnu 1911. Denn\u00ed teploty kol\u00edsaj\u00ed mezi 0,2 \u00b0C a 20,9 \u00b0C, a\u010dkoli extr\u00e9my se pohybuj\u00ed od -8,9 \u00b0C do 30 \u00b0C. Intenzita slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu vrchol\u00ed v \u010dervenci, co\u017e je zrcadlo ledna na severn\u00ed polokouli, zat\u00edmco \u00fanor nab\u00edz\u00ed nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det hodin slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu.<\/p>\n
Dlouho p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f slou\u017eilo Cuzco jako srdce Inck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. P\u016fvodn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 m\u011bsta se dr\u017eela ter\u00e9nu, jeho ulice se vinouc\u00ed po strm\u00fdch svaz\u00edch a klenouc\u00ed se nad potoky. Ran\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 p\u011bstovali na horsk\u00fdch teras\u00e1ch rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lu odr\u016fd brambor \u2013 asi 3 000 odr\u016fd. In\u010d\u0161t\u00ed architekti stav\u011bli chr\u00e1my z jemn\u011b opracovan\u00e9ho kamene, mezi nimi\u017e byl i Qurikancha, Chr\u00e1m Slunce, a budovali m\u011bstsk\u00e1 opevn\u011bn\u00ed kolem Sacsayhuam\u00e1nu. Kolem roku 1100 n. l. ji\u017e kultura Killke polo\u017eila prvn\u00ed chodby pevnosti a vytesala akvadukty pro odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed horsk\u00e9 vody.<\/p>\n
V roce 1535 dorazily s\u00edly Francisca Pizarra. Rozebraly pal\u00e1cov\u00e9 zdi, z kamene vytvo\u0159ily kostely a zalo\u017eily \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto na z\u00e1kladech Ink\u016f. Katedr\u00e1la v Santo Domingu nyn\u00ed stoj\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, kde se kdysi ty\u010dily chr\u00e1my. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed inck\u00e9 zdivo p\u0159e\u017eilo koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klady, co\u017e je tich\u00fdm d\u016fkazem in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti.<\/p>\n
M\u011bstsk\u00e1 stopa Cusca odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dva syst\u00e9my v nap\u011bt\u00ed a harmonii. P\u0159edkolumbov\u0161t\u00ed stavitel\u00e9 respektovali \u201egeografickou matici\u201c, zarovn\u00e1vali ulice s h\u0159ebeny, zrcadlili obrysy kopc\u016f a sm\u011b\u0159ovali vodu dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi kan\u00e1ly. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 p\u0159es tento vzor vnesli m\u0159\u00ed\u017eku a do srdce m\u011bsta vytesali n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 zejm\u00e9na Plaza de Armas. Koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed fas\u00e1dy maskuj\u00ed zdivo z doby ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch Ink\u016f v mnoha budov\u00e1ch; pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edvaj\u00ed pozorn\u011b, je to vrstevnat\u00e1 archeologie.<\/p>\n
V roce 1972 peru\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ozna\u010dila historick\u00e9 centrum za kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed n\u00e1roda. O jeden\u00e1ct let pozd\u011bji jej UNESCO uznalo za pam\u00e1tku sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. \u00da\u0159ady vytvo\u0159ily centr\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00f3nu zachoval\u00fdch staveb, obklopenou ochrann\u00fdm p\u00e1sem, kter\u00fd sah\u00e1 do okoln\u00edch kopc\u016f.<\/p>\n
Cuscova ekonomika se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed posunula \u2013 z imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervace se stala koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou, ze zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho centra se stala glob\u00e1ln\u00ed destinac\u00ed. Na okoln\u00edch pol\u00edch farm\u00e1\u0159i p\u011bstuj\u00ed kuku\u0159ici a m\u00edstn\u00ed hl\u00edzy, zat\u00edmco \u0159emesln\u00ed v\u00fdrobci vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed pivo, \u010dokol\u00e1du a pra\u017een\u00e1 k\u00e1vov\u00e1 zrna. T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl p\u016fsob\u00ed na okraji m\u011bsta, a\u010dkoli trendy v zam\u011bstnanosti z\u00e1vis\u00ed na cestovn\u00edm ruchu. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dil 1,2 milionu ro\u010dn\u011b; do roku 2019 do regionu vstoupilo p\u0159es 2,7 milionu turist\u016f. V\u00fddaje na turisty vzrostly z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 837 milion\u016f USD v roce 2002 na 2,47 miliardy USD do roku 2009. Cusco si nyn\u00ed udr\u017euje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 plnou zam\u011bstnanost.<\/p>\n
Aby se vyhov\u011blo rostouc\u00edmu po\u010dtu cestuj\u00edc\u00edch, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci schv\u00e1lili v\u00fdstavbu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho leti\u0161t\u011b Chinchero. Leti\u0161t\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3 700 metr\u016f na kopc\u00edch severoz\u00e1padn\u011b od m\u011bsta a jeho c\u00edlem je propojit Cusco p\u0159\u00edmo se Severn\u00ed Amerikou a Evropou, a to mimo Limu. Nahrad\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Alejandra Velasca Asteteho, pojmenovan\u00e9 po pilotovi, kter\u00fd v roce 1925 uskute\u010dnil prvn\u00ed let Lima\u2013Cusco. Do otev\u0159en\u00ed Chinchera obsluhuje Astete p\u011bt vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch a t\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed destinace.<\/p>\n
Cuscosk\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b spojuj\u00ed andsk\u00e9, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed a modern\u00ed vlivy. Pouli\u010dn\u00ed prodejci prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed choclo con queso \u2013 kuku\u0159ici s tlust\u00fdmi zrny a \u010derstv\u00fdm s\u00fdrem \u2013 vedle st\u00e1nk\u016f s cuy al horno, pe\u010den\u00fdm mor\u010detem ope\u010den\u00fdm na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9m uhl\u00ed. Picanter\u00edas pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed vydatn\u00e9 pol\u00e9vky a sma\u017een\u00e9 maso: caldo de panza (dr\u0161\u0165kov\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka), costillar frito (sma\u017een\u00e1 \u017eebra), malaya frita (steak z boku). Dal\u0161\u00ed pokrmy nesou \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy \u2013 chuleta frita, churrasco al jugo \u2013 ale upravuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed ingredience. Lu\u0161t\u011bnina tarwi, pe\u010den\u00e1 nebo sm\u00edchan\u00e1 do sal\u00e1t\u016f, jako je solterito de kuchicara, nab\u00edz\u00ed rostlinn\u00e9 b\u00edlkoviny. Restovan\u00e9 vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso se objevuje jako chicharr\u00f3n, zat\u00edmco srdce se griluj\u00ed na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9m uhl\u00ed jako coraz\u00f3n a la brasa. Fusion restaurace m\u00eds\u00ed andsk\u00e9 pokrmy s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi technikami, ale zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed si z\u00e1klad z p\u016fvodn\u00edch hl\u00edz a divok\u00fdch bylin.<\/p>\n
Cuzco slou\u017e\u00ed jako br\u00e1na k d\u011bdictv\u00ed Ink\u016f. Machu Picchu, 80 kilometr\u016f severn\u011b, je na vrcholu v\u011bt\u0161iny tras. Turist\u00e9 se vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed po Inck\u00e9 stezce, p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky, ne\u017e se za \u00fasvitu dostanou k citadele. Vlaky se klikat\u00ed pod\u00e9l \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch ka\u0148on\u016f pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdstupu.<\/p>\n
Uvnit\u0159 m\u011bsta se na h\u0159ebeni nad severn\u00edm okrajem ty\u010d\u00ed Sacsayhuam\u00e1n. Obrovsk\u00e9 kameny, ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1\u017e\u00edc\u00ed a\u017e 100 tun, se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed bez malty. Na jeho teras\u00e1ch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci sleduj\u00ed, jak se mraky val\u00ed do \u00fadol\u00ed. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed akvadukt a silnice Killke, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed prehistorick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my s pevnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Za zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi m\u00edsty se po \u00fadol\u00ed Watanay rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed ruiny. Tip\u00f3n se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit tekouc\u00edmi vodn\u00edmi kan\u00e1ly na \u0161irok\u00fdch teras\u00e1ch. V \u00d1usta Hisp'ana stoj\u00ed vytesan\u00e9 kameny jako socha\u0159sk\u00e1 zahrada. Incahuasi si s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 000 metr\u016f n\u00e1rokuje titul nejv\u00fd\u0161e polo\u017een\u00e9ho nalezi\u0161t\u011b Ink\u016f. Moray se sva\u017euje do soust\u0159edn\u00fdch plo\u0161in \u2013 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd experiment v mikroklimatu. Vilcabamba, posledn\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b inck\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f, le\u017e\u00ed ukryt\u00e1 v zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch svaz\u00edch. Vitcos a Patallaqta le\u017e\u00ed pod mechov\u00fdmi palmami, jejich\u017e zdi jsou nap\u016fl pohlceny vinnou r\u00e9vou.<\/p>\n
Cusco je \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s Juliacou a Arequipou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hlavn\u00ed trati spole\u010dnosti Southern Railway, kter\u00e1 kon\u010d\u00ed ve stanici Wanchaq. Ze stanice San Pedro se tra\u0165 st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed na jihov\u00fdchod sm\u011brem k Santa An\u011b a Quillabamb\u011b, historick\u00e9 trase do Machu Picchu. Vlaky provozuje spole\u010dnost PeruRail, kter\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed panoramatick\u00e1 okna a j\u00eddeln\u00ed vozy.<\/p>\n
Silnice se z m\u011bsta t\u00e1hnou jako paprsky. D\u00e1lnice spojuj\u00ed Cusco s Abancay, nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed trasou do Limy (asi 20 hodin), a s Puno na b\u0159ehu jezera Titicaca. Autobusy odj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed ka\u017edou hodinu do Puerto Maldonado, Arequipy a Juliacy a proch\u00e1zej\u00ed horsk\u00fdmi pr\u016fsmyky a p\u0159es vysokohorsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b.<\/p>\n
Cuzco z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u011bstem kamen\u016f a vzpom\u00ednek, kde ka\u017ed\u00fd kout nese p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pr\u00e1ce, dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovy. Jeho ekonomika se op\u00edr\u00e1 o p\u016fdu a kameny, o hl\u00edzy a turisty, o architekturu, kter\u00e1 se oh\u00fdb\u00e1, ale p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1. Nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka zde zost\u0159uje smysly: chlad p\u0159ed \u00fasvitem, z\u00e1\u0159e slunce na bled\u00e9 sk\u00e1le, vzd\u00e1len\u00fd k\u0159ik jest\u0159\u00e1ba nad terasami, kter\u00e9 se vln\u00ed jako vlny oce\u00e1nu. M\u011bsto kdysi slou\u017eilo \u0159\u00ed\u0161i; dnes stoj\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti, hor a nebe. Na jeho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch, v jeho ruin\u00e1ch, n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci zahl\u00e9dnou jak vytrvalost, tak i zm\u011bnu, na m\u00edst\u011b, kter\u00e9 vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1 na hranici dechu a \u010dasu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Cusco, the historic capital of the Inca Empire, exemplifies Peru’s profound history and cultural legacy. Nestled high in the Andes Mountains, this city presents tourists with a special fusion of pre-Columbian and colonial Spanish influences. While its lively markets and local cuisine give a sense of modern Peruvian life, its cobblestone walkways, great plazas, and well-preserved architecture carry visitors back in time.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3211,"parent":7175,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7225","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7225\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7175"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}