Arax\u00e1, posazen\u00e1 ve zvln\u011bn\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b Minas Gerais, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 1 283 kilometrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1horn\u00edch plo\u0161in porostl\u00fdch savanou a zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch kopc\u016f. V roce 2022 zde \u017eilo 111 691 obyvatel a slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed bod osmioblastn\u00edho regionu se 176 736 obyvateli (\u00fadaje z roku 2017). A\u010dkoli jej\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e1 hranice tvo\u0159\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 3,45 kilometru \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, Arax\u00e1 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a propl\u00e9t\u00e1 mal\u00e1 m\u011bsta a venkovsk\u00e9 usedlosti do jedin\u00e9 tapiserie.<\/p>\n
Dlouho p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edchodem prvn\u00edch farm\u00e1\u0159\u016f pat\u0159il p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Arax\u00e1 lidu veden\u00e9mu v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edkem Andaia-Aru. Arax\u00e1s se v 16. stolet\u00ed odd\u011blili od kmene Cataguases a usadili se pod\u00e9l \u0159eky Rio Grande a ve st\u00ednu poho\u0159\u00ed Serra da Canastra. \u017dili v rovnov\u00e1ze s p\u016fdou zhruba sto let, dokud se tudy nep\u0159ehnala vlna za vlnou evropsk\u00fdch expedic dychtiv\u00fdch po d\u0159ev\u011b a vod\u011b. Nap\u011bt\u00ed se vyhrocovalo, smlouvy se rozpadaly a v polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed byli Arax\u00e1s vyhn\u00e1ni ze zem\u011b, kterou sami formovali.<\/p>\n
Pod hlavi\u010dkou kapit\u00e1nstva Minas Gerais vyslaly koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady bandeiru z Campo In\u00e1cio Correia de Pamplona, \u200b\u200baby zmapovala a n\u00e1rokovala si \u00fazem\u00ed. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se mezi potoky a kopci opatrn\u011b objevovaly osady, kde si farm\u00e1\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159eli budoucnost v hust\u00fdch les\u00edch. V roce 1791, kdy\u017e se mal\u00e1 skupina usedlost\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017edila kolem kaple, vznikla farnost S\u00e3o Domingos de Arax\u00e1 \u2013 pojmenovan\u00e1 po zakladateli dominik\u00e1n\u016f. O \u010dty\u0159i desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji z\u00edskala status vily (m\u011bsta) a do 19. prosince 1865 nesla n\u00e1zev Arax\u00e1 jako uznan\u00e9 m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n
Geograficky se Arax\u00e1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 973 metr\u016f, jej\u00ed \u017e\u00edly jsou protk\u00e1ny \u0159ekami a pot\u016f\u010dky. Na severu a severoz\u00e1pad\u011b le\u017e\u00ed Perdizes, zat\u00edmco Ibi\u00e1 hrani\u010d\u00ed na v\u00fdchod\u011b, Tapira na jihu a Sacramento na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b. Serra da Bocaina se ty\u010d\u00ed do panoramatu obce ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 1 359 metr\u016f \u2013 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm vrcholu \u2013 zat\u00edmco krajina kles\u00e1 do 910 metr\u016f u \u0159eky Capivara. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u00ed teplota 20,98 \u00b0C a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dva metry sr\u00e1\u017eek ro\u010dn\u011b p\u011bstuj\u00ed bujn\u00e9 lesy i \u00farodn\u00e9 pastviny, co\u017e je klima dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pro odpo\u010dinkov\u00e1 odpoledne pod rozlehlou oblohou.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e byl ve 40. letech 20. stolet\u00ed otev\u0159en hydroterm\u00e1ln\u00ed a hotelov\u00fd komplex Barreiro, miner\u00e1ln\u00ed prameny v Arax\u00e1 zm\u011bnily jej\u00ed ekonomiku. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se sem p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli pono\u0159it do vody, o n\u00ed\u017e se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee zklid\u0148uje revmatismus a ko\u017en\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed; ve dne se zdr\u017eovali p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch bahenn\u00edch procedur\u00e1ch a v noci tan\u010dili pod lustry.<\/p>\n
Grande Hotel, slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd v roce 1944 guvern\u00e9rem Beneditem Valadaresem spolu s prezidentem Get\u00faliem Vargasem, zt\u011bles\u0148oval tuto \u00e9ru uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. S rozlehl\u00fdmi fas\u00e1dami ve stylu art deco a terasami s v\u00fdhledem na l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 zahrady se rychle stal kulisou pro politick\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, um\u011bleck\u00e9 ve\u010d\u00edrky a galave\u010dery. I dnes jeho mramorov\u00e9 chodby a honosn\u00e9 tane\u010dn\u00ed s\u00e1ly p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed \u00e9ru elegance, kter\u00e1 do tohoto vnitrozemsk\u00e9ho l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta p\u0159itahovala brazilskou elitu.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 pl\u00e1tno Allure: \u201eDona Beija\u201c a dal\u0161\u00ed
\nArax\u00e1 se na televizn\u00ed obrazovky dostala \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed sl\u00e1vou v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed s telenovelou \u201eDona Beija\u201c. Seri\u00e1l, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na \u017eivot legend\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed hrdinky \u2013 o kter\u00e9 se \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee si na k\u016f\u017ei nechala od\u011brky z term\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed \u2013 vykresloval koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed domy Arax\u00e1, sluncem zalit\u00e1 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a klikat\u00e9 potoky v ob\u00fdvac\u00edch pokoj\u00edch po cel\u00e9 zemi. Turist\u00e9, l\u00e1kan\u00ed romantizovan\u00fdmi v\u00fdhledy ze seri\u00e1lu, za\u010dali vyhled\u00e1vat pr\u00e1v\u011b ty ulice a font\u00e1ny, kde se drama odehr\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n
Pod povrchem se v Arax\u00e1 nach\u00e1z\u00ed jedna z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sob niobu na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 dostate\u010dn\u00e1 k uspokojen\u00ed celosv\u011btov\u00e9 popt\u00e1vky po dobu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011bti stolet\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o (CBMM) se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ebou a zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm a z\u00e1sobuje leteck\u00fd a kosmick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl specializovan\u00fdmi ocelemi a slitinami pro proudov\u00e9 motory, rakety a vysokoteplotn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Nedaleko provozuje spole\u010dnost Vale Fertilizantes SA nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed brazilsk\u00fd z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu superfosf\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u00ed fosf\u00e1tov\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1ty nezbytn\u00e9 pro hnojiva.<\/p>\n
V roce 2005 dos\u00e1hl HDP Arax\u00e1 1,439 miliardy real\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 rovnom\u011brn\u011b rozd\u011bleny mezi pr\u016fmysl a slu\u017eby. V tomto roce pracovalo 2 865 lid\u00ed ve zpracovatelsk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu, 1 498 ve stavebnictv\u00ed, 7 636 v obchod\u011b, 1 296 v hotelech a restaurac\u00edch a 2 691 ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1v\u011b \u2013 \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed vyv\u00e1\u017eenou ekonomiku.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e dnes vstoup\u00edte do centra Arax\u00e1, uvid\u00edte z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00e9 fas\u00e1dy lemuj\u00edc\u00ed dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 ulice. Odpoledn\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo se prol\u00edn\u00e1 v\u011btvemi stalet\u00fdch strom\u016f na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Pra\u00e7a Governador Valadares, kde si senio\u0159i pov\u00eddaj\u00ed u k\u00e1vy v kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch na rohu a d\u011bti hon\u00ed holuby u font\u00e1ny. Prodejci prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010derstv\u011b pra\u017een\u00e1 k\u00e1vov\u00e1 zrna \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed specialitu \u2013 a pastelari\u00e1 nab\u00edzej\u00ed pastel de queijo, kter\u00e9 vydr\u017e\u00ed tepl\u00e9 dlouho pot\u00e9, co opust\u00ed frit\u00e9zu.<\/p>\n
Za hranicemi m\u011bsta se na 68 000 hektarech rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 405 venkovsk\u00fdch usedlost\u00ed, kde se o p\u016fdu star\u00e1 zhruba 1 500 lid\u00ed. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 65 000 kus\u016f skotu vyprodukuje denn\u011b p\u016fl milionu litr\u016f ml\u00e9ka (\u00fadaje z roku 2004), zat\u00edmco vep\u0159ov\u00e9 a dr\u016fbe\u017e\u00ed farmy z\u00e1sobuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed trhy. Pole s\u00f3ji, kuku\u0159ice a k\u00e1vy zpest\u0159uj\u00ed \u00farodu a 22 mal\u00fdch lihovar\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u00ed cacha\u00e7u \u2013 siln\u00fd destil\u00e1t z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, kter\u00fd je vetk\u00e1n do brazilsk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Arax\u00e1 se st\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed: jeho l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fd komplex inovuje nov\u00e9 terapie; CBMM vyv\u00edj\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly; farm\u00e1\u0159i pilotuj\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 postupy. Nov\u00e9 festivaly oslavuj\u00ed p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a um\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco galerie a \u0159emesln\u00e9 trhy upozor\u0148uj\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159e a socha\u0159e. Pod ka\u017ed\u00fdm modern\u00edm pokrokem se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 hu\u010den\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch pramen\u016f a vzpom\u00ednka na lesem st\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159eky, kde Arax\u00e1s poprv\u00e9 usadili sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V tomto m\u011bst\u011b l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch vod, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00e1zrak\u016f a pastora\u010dn\u00edho klidu se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u010das plyne po dvou kolej\u00edch \u2013 jedna ct\u00ed starobyl\u00e9 prameny a domorodou odvahu, druh\u00e1 poh\u00e1n\u00ed Braz\u00edlii k nov\u00fdm hranic\u00edm v\u011bdy a obchodu. Tich\u00e1 s\u00edla Arax\u00e1 p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1, a to jak v p\u00e1\u0159e stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed z jej\u00edch term\u00e1ln\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed, tak v pulzu komunity formovan\u00e9 zem\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem a lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed se odv\u00e1\u017eili z\u016fstat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
With a population of 111,691 as of 2022 Arax\u00e1 is a colorful municipality tucked away in the Minas Gerais state in Western Brazil. Situated about 370 kilometers northwest of the state capital Belo Horizonte, this vibrant metropolis covers an amazing 1,283 square kilometres, with 3.45 square kilometres set aside as the urban boundary. Comprising eight municipalities and spanning an area of 9,493.902 square kilometers with a combined population of 176,736 as of 2017, Arax\u00e1 forms the center point of the Immediate Geographic Region.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17461,"parent":7508,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17423","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17423"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17423\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7508"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17461"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}