Methana, m\u011bsto a b\u00fdval\u00e1 obec na Pelopon\u00e9sk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b v \u0158ecku, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na sope\u010dn\u00e9m v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku, kter\u00fd se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do Sar\u00f3nsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu v r\u00e1mci administrativn\u00edch hranic regionu Attika. M\u011bstsk\u00e1 jednotka se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e 50 161 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a p\u0159i s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2021 zaznamenala 1 352 obyvatel, zat\u00edmco samotn\u00e9 m\u011bsto m\u011blo v roce 2011 892 obyvatel. Methana se nach\u00e1z\u00ed severn\u011b od hlavn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed tepny spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Galatu a zbytek Pelopon\u00e9su, na \u00fapat\u00ed hory Helona, \u200b\u200bkter\u00e1 se ty\u010d\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky 740 metr\u016f, a slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed bod poloostrova, kter\u00fd se vyzna\u010duje sv\u00fdmi geoterm\u00e1ln\u00edmi prameny a rozmanit\u00fdmi historick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.<\/p>\n
Poloostrov m\u00e1 v\u00fdhradn\u011b vulkanick\u00fd p\u016fvod a zahrnuje v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159icet erup\u010dn\u00edch center, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duj\u00ed nejz\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed segment egejsk\u00e9ho sope\u010dn\u00e9ho oblouku pod\u00e9l Milosu, Santorini a Nisyrosu. Posledn\u00ed zdokumentovan\u00e1 erupce se odehr\u00e1la ve t\u0159et\u00edm stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. pobl\u00ed\u017e dne\u0161n\u00ed Kameni Chory, ud\u00e1lost zaznamenanou klasick\u00fdmi pozorovateli, jako byli Strab\u00f3n, Ovidius a Pausanias. Geologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum specialist\u016f z ETH Z\u00fcrich od roku 1991 p\u0159inesl komplexn\u00ed topografickou mapu v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku 1 : 25 000, interaktivn\u00ed trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 online a fotografick\u00fd archiv p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed deset tis\u00edc diapozitiv\u016f. Z v\u00fd\u0161in poloostrova se div\u00e1kovi otev\u00edr\u00e1 panorama zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u011b Argoly, obrysy jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Korintie, Sar\u00f3nsk\u00e9 ostrovy Aegina a Salamis a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st poloostrova Attika.<\/p>\n
Ter\u00e9n Methany se vyzna\u010duje centr\u00e1ln\u00edm horsk\u00fdm p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed s k\u0159ovinat\u00fdmi svahy a travnat\u00fdmi pastvinami, kter\u00e9 r\u00e1muj\u00ed mal\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed. Na z\u00e1pad\u011b se t\u0159\u00edkilometrov\u00fd h\u0159eben sva\u017euje k \u00fazk\u00e9mu potoku lemovan\u00e9mu \u00fatesy, zat\u00edmco obytn\u00e9 skupiny se dr\u017e\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kde se k mo\u0159i otev\u00edr\u00e1 rovina zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Throni. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed pastviny, kter\u00e9 obklopuj\u00ed m\u011bsto Methana, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o stalet\u00edch pasteveck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti, na pozad\u00ed h\u0159eben\u016f, kter\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed ob\u010dasn\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 potoky ke skalnat\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Archeologick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o lidsk\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed poloostrova ji\u017e v letech 1500\u20131300 p\u0159. n. l., p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejstar\u0161\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00ed se nach\u00e1zelo pobl\u00ed\u017e modern\u00ed vesnice Vathy. Pr\u016fzkum Michaela Deffnera z devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed odhalil mezi dal\u0161\u00edmi artefakty i zna\u010dn\u00fd tr\u016fn a systematick\u00e1 archeologick\u00e1 kampa\u0148 Univerzity v Liverpoolu a Britsk\u00e9 \u0161koly v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed identifikovala dal\u0161\u00ed prehistorick\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b. Akropole Palaiokastro, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se nad Vathy, shl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na krajinu, kde se v dob\u00e1ch Ptolemaiovc\u016f nach\u00e1zel p\u0159\u00edstav Arsinoe. Na ostr\u016fvku Nisaki kdysi st\u00e1lo opevn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 st\u0159e\u017eilo n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pevnost zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Akropolis Oga pobl\u00ed\u017e Kypseli d\u00e1le podtrhuje strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam Methany v pozdn\u00ed dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9. Vykop\u00e1vky proveden\u00e9 v roce 1990 pod veden\u00edm Helene Konstolakis-Jiannopoulou odhalily myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed a kapli Agios Konstantinos a Elenis, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed ulo\u017eeny v muze\u00edch na Porosu a v Pireu. N\u00e1pisy v poh\u0159ebn\u00ed krypt\u011b Amenhotepa III. v Egypt\u011b, datovan\u00e9 do \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, z\u0159ejm\u011b obsahuj\u00ed odkaz na Methanu ve tvaru m-dj-n-ij.<\/p>\n
B\u011bhem klasick\u00e9 \u00e9ry tvo\u0159ila Methana \u010d\u00e1st \u00fazem\u00ed Troezenu. Thukydides uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v roce 425 p\u0159. n. l. at\u00e9nsk\u00e9 vojsko pod velen\u00edm Niciase po rozdrcen\u00ed korintsk\u00e9ho odporu postavilo obrannou ze\u010f p\u0159es \u0161\u00edji, aby poloostrov izolovalo od pelopon\u00e9sk\u00e9 pevniny. V hel\u00e9nistick\u00e9m obdob\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161la kontrola na dynastii Ptolemaiovc\u016f a mys byl na po\u010dest Ptolemaiovy sestry a man\u017eelky p\u0159ejmenov\u00e1n na Arsinoe. Kdy\u017e Pausanias ve druh\u00e9m stolet\u00ed n. l. nav\u0161t\u00edvil poloostrov, popsal chr\u00e1m zasv\u011bcen\u00fd Isis a sochy Herma a Herakla nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se na ago\u0159e, co\u017e je d\u016fkazem splynut\u00ed egyptsk\u00fdch a \u0159eck\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch tradic na poloostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n
Po antice p\u00edsemn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o Methan\u011b v byzantsk\u00fdch a osmansk\u00fdch dob\u00e1ch utichly, nicm\u00e9n\u011b hmotn\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky nazna\u010duj\u00ed kontinuitu os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Ruiny bazilik a kostel\u016f z konce \u0161est\u00e9ho nebo za\u010d\u00e1tku sedm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee v Panagitse a pobl\u00ed\u017e vrchol\u016f Proroka Eli\u00e1\u0161e a Helony vznikly dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed byzantsk\u00e9 osady, zat\u00edmco t\u0159et\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00ed se vyvinulo z\u00e1padn\u011b od Kounoupitsy, kde dodnes stoj\u00ed kostel Agia Barbara a kaple Agios Dimitrios a Agios Ioannis Theolog ze t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed s freskami. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee poloostrov unikl vln\u00e1m slovansk\u00fdch vp\u00e1d\u016f, kter\u00e9 postihly sousedn\u00ed regiony, ale st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed sporadick\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy a demografick\u00fd posun b\u011bhem \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy se v oblasti usadily skupiny Arvanit\u016f.<\/p>\n
Za\u010d\u00e1tek \u0159eck\u00e9 v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost na po\u010d\u00e1tku devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159inesl n\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1val uprchl\u00edk\u016f \u2013 zejm\u00e9na \u017een a d\u011bt\u00ed \u2013 prchaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ed osmansk\u00fdmi repres\u00e1liemi. Po\u010det obyvatel Methany, kter\u00fd d\u0159\u00edve \u010d\u00edtal p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500\u2013600 obyvatel, se do roku 1830 zv\u00fd\u0161il na 1 349. V letech 1826\u201327 postavil francouzsk\u00fd fihel\u00e9n Charles Fabvier na \u0161\u00edji pevnost, aby zabezpe\u010dil poloostrov, a v roce 1834 byla osada ustanovena jako obec v provincii Kalavria, spolu s Troizinou, Dryopi a samotnou Kalavri\u00ed. Po cel\u00e9 devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9 a prvn\u00ed \u010dtvrt\u00e9 stolet\u00ed si komunita udr\u017eela sv\u016fj skromn\u00fd profil, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na rybolov, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a m\u00edstn\u00ed hork\u00e9 prameny.<\/p>\n
Administrativn\u00ed reforma s \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed od 1. ledna 2011 slou\u010dila Methanu se sousedn\u00ed obc\u00ed Troizina a vytvo\u0159ila tak novou obec Troizinia-Methana, jej\u00ed\u017e Methana z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 obecn\u00ed jednotkou. Tato jednotka se d\u00e1le d\u011bl\u00ed na \u010dty\u0159i komunity: Kounoupitsa (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Kounoupitsa, Agios Georgios, Agios Nikolaos, Makrylongos a Palaia Loutra), Kypseli (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Kypseli a Agioi Theodoroi), Loutropoli Methanon (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Methanu a Dritsaiiku) a Megalochori (zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed Megalochori, Vathy, Kaimeni Chora a Megalo Potami).<\/p>\n
Methana si z\u00edskala trvalou proslulost d\u00edky sv\u00fdm term\u00e1ln\u00edm vod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 p\u0159itahuj\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky ji\u017e od starov\u011bku. M\u011bsto, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Loutropoleos Methanon \u2013 \u201eMetanov\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b\u201c, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed u ji\u017en\u00edho vstupu do m\u011bsta a je charakterizov\u00e1no l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi soused\u00edc\u00edmi se sirn\u00fdm jezerem Vromolimni, vodn\u00ed plochou o d\u00e9lce zhruba 150 metr\u016f a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce 50 metr\u016f, kter\u00e1 je nap\u00e1jena podzemn\u00edmi prameny. M\u00edstn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i p\u0159edepisuj\u00ed l\u00e9ky na revmatismus, artritidu, gynekologick\u00e9 poruchy a dermatologick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. Naproti l\u00e1zn\u00edm se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav Methana, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00ed kotvi\u0161t\u011b pro lod\u011b pluj\u00edc\u00ed do Aeginy, Porosu a Pireu. \u00dazk\u00e1 \u0161\u00edje spojuje m\u011bsto s poloostrovem Nisaki, kde z\u00e1klady hradu ze 4. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a kostel Agii Anargyri sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o obrann\u00e9 i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 architektu\u0159e. Pod\u00e9l n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017en\u00ed promen\u00e1dy nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br skromn\u00fdch hotel\u016f a rodinn\u00fdch taveren ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a ob\u010derstven\u00ed cestovatel\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed vykoupat v pramenech a cestovat za nimi.<\/p>\n
Za hranicemi m\u011bsta se nach\u00e1z\u00ed myk\u00e9nsk\u00e1 svatyn\u011b objeven\u00e1 v roce 1990, jeden kilometr severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od p\u0159\u00edstavu, zat\u00edmco z\u00e1padn\u011b od Dritseiky se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed poz\u016fstatky starov\u011bk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee a os\u00eddlen\u00ed z myk\u00e9nsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, kter\u00e9 lemuj\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0148 Throni. Po cel\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b se vine \u00fazk\u00e1 stezka mezi olivov\u00fdmi h\u00e1ji a ke\u0159i maquis a nab\u00edz\u00ed neru\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdhled na Saronsk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 vrcholky argolsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. J\u00edzdn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dy trajekt\u016f spojuj\u00ed Methanu s okoln\u00edmi ostrovy a pevninou, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee tato komunita \u2013 jej\u00ed\u017e populace v\u010detn\u011b Dritseiky dosahuje 1 097 obyvatel \u2013 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jak mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b odlehl\u00e1, tak dob\u0159e propojen\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Methana se st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edstem, kde s\u00edly ohn\u011b a kamene formovaly lidsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed po t\u0159i tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Jej\u00ed term\u00e1ln\u00ed prameny uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eivouc\u00ed spojen\u00ed s klasick\u00fdmi terapiemi; archeologick\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed vrstvy os\u00eddlen\u00ed; jej\u00ed administrativn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0159eck\u00fd vlastn\u00ed proces formov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Od nejstar\u0161\u00edho tr\u016fnu Vathy po hradby pevnosti Fabvier; od ptolemaiovsk\u00fdch kultovn\u00edch praktik a\u017e po sou\u010dasn\u00e9 l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 rutiny; Methana uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 trval\u00fd dialog mezi topografi\u00ed a lidsk\u00fdmi aspiracemi. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m par\u00edc\u00edm se baz\u00e9nu a v ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u017eulov\u00e9 ruin\u011b poloostrov vyb\u00edz\u00ed k zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad odolnost\u00ed komunity a hlubokou kontinuitou, kter\u00e1 spojuje minulost s p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Methana, zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 m\u011bsto a b\u00fdval\u00e1 obec v \u0158ecku, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na sope\u010dn\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b spojen\u00e9m s Pelopon\u00e9sem. Od roku 2011 m\u00e1 tato mal\u00e1, ale pozoruhodn\u00e1 lokalita 892 obyvatel a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obce Troizinia-Methana. M\u011bstsk\u00e1 jednotka Methana zahrnuje 50 161 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a m\u00e1 populaci 1 352 obyvatel, podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v roce 2021. Tato v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 oblast, administrativn\u011b sou\u010d\u00e1st regionu Attika, p\u0159edstavuje zaj\u00edmavou kombinaci geologick\u00fdch z\u00e1zrak\u016f, historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed n\u00e1dhery.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17552,"parent":13510,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16739","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16739\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}