Bad Berka, zasazen\u00e9 v m\u00edrn\u011b zvln\u011bn\u00fdch kopc\u00edch poho\u0159\u00ed Ilm-Saale-Platte ve st\u0159edn\u00edm N\u011bmecku, je m\u011bsto s necel\u00fdmi 8 000 obyvateli, kter\u00e9 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e zhruba 27,4 km\u00b2. Le\u017e\u00ed dvan\u00e1ct kilometr\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od V\u00fdmaru a dvacet kilometr\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b od Jeny, v zelen\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed vyhlouben\u00e9m \u0159ekou Ilm v nov\u00e9m \u010derven\u00e9m p\u00edskovci. Od roku 2008 hranice obce zahrnuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bb\u00fdvalou vesnici Gutendorf, spojuj\u00ed se s dal\u0161\u00edmi \u0161esti okresy a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed krajinu, kter\u00e1 se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 s l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdmi zahradami, zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdou a hust\u00fdm smrkov\u00fdm a bukov\u00fdm lesem.<\/p>\n
Identita Bad Berky se utv\u00e1\u0159ela kolem jej\u00edch l\u00e9\u010div\u00fdch vod. Po\u010d\u00e1tky l\u00e1ze\u0148stv\u00ed lze vysledovat a\u017e k zalo\u017een\u00ed sirn\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed v roce 1813, inspirovan\u00fdch objevem pramene \u201eStahlquelle\u201c bohat\u00e9ho na \u017eelezo v roce 1807. Odb\u011br t\u011bchto vod pro koupele i pitn\u00e9 terapie prosazovali m\u00edstn\u00ed vizion\u00e1\u0159i ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Johannem Wolfgangem von Goethem, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bstu prop\u016fj\u010dili neform\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev \u201eDas Goethebad im Gr\u00fcnen\u201c. Do roku 2002 byl jeho odkaz form\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1n ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201eSt\u00e1tem uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b s miner\u00e1ln\u00edmi prameny\u201c. Postupem \u010dasu se za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159ovala: v roce 1952 vznikla klinika tuberkul\u00f3zy, kter\u00e1 se vyvinula v Zentralklinik \u2013 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 centrum proslul\u00e9 po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b \u2013 a p\u00e1d Berl\u00ednsk\u00e9 zdi p\u0159inesl v letech 1994 a 1997 vznik rehabilita\u010dn\u00edch klinik Median, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed komplexn\u00ed n\u00e1slednou l\u00e9\u010dbu.<\/p>\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9 skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200brozloze je Bad Berka dlouho protk\u00e1na n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi kulturn\u00edmi proudy. V letech 1812 a\u017e 1828 pob\u00fdval u Heinricha Friedricha Sch\u00fctze s\u00e1m Goethe, jeho\u017e b\u00fdval\u00fd d\u016fm dodnes slou\u017e\u00ed jako \u201eGoetheho d\u016fm\u201c, mal\u00e9 muzeum zachycuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot Berkova varhan\u00edka a u\u010ditele a jeho mecen\u00e1\u0161e. Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edliv a odliv v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u011b vedly ke vzniku velkolep\u00fdch neoklasicistn\u00edch budov: radnice z roku 1817, p\u0159estav\u011bn\u00e1 Clemensem Wenzeslausem Coudrayem, je uprost\u0159ed n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a je pozoruhodn\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi hodinami s f\u00e1zemi m\u011bs\u00edce, zat\u00edmco Coudray\u016fv d\u016fm (1825) slou\u017eil jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto pro plesy, koncerty a divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed, ne\u017e byl p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn na interaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 muzeum. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 59 metr\u016f dlouh\u00e1 budova zbrojnice \u2013 kdysi \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v\u00e9vodsk\u00e9ho loveck\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed \u2013 nyn\u00ed v n\u00ed s\u00eddl\u00ed knihovna, archiv, spole\u010densk\u00fd s\u00e1l a restaurace.<\/p>\n
Zbytky st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Berky se dochovaly ve vnit\u0159n\u00edm n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed Star\u00e9ho hradu: p\u0159\u00edkop, fragmenty zd\u00ed a kryt\u00e1 p\u0159eds\u00ed\u0148 nazna\u010duj\u00ed postaven\u00ed hrabat z Berky p\u0159ed jejich p\u0159est\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00edm do pal\u00e1ce na kopci na konci t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Barokn\u00ed \u201eEdelhof\u201c, postaven\u00fd v roce 1786, p\u0159e\u0161el z v\u00e9vodsk\u00e9ho loveck\u00e9ho z\u00e1me\u010dku na penzion pro bohat\u00e9 l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky; Goethe a jeho \u017eena Christiane zde pob\u00fdvali b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby v roce 1814. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed architektura odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mnohovrstevnatou historii m\u011bsta: evangelick\u00fd kostel sv. Marie se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9ho cisterci\u00e1ck\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera, jeho\u017e gotick\u00e1 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed ze\u010f p\u0159e\u017eila po\u017e\u00e1r v roce 1608, kter\u00fd zpozdil v\u00fdstavbu barokn\u00ed lodi a\u017e do let 1739\u201341. Mal\u00fd katolick\u00fd kostel z roku 1918 na silnici Tannroda sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se duchovn\u00ed map\u011b Bad Berky.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed obklopuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bsto umoc\u0148uje jeho pov\u011bst l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Cyklostezka \u00fadol\u00edm Ilmu a certifikovan\u00e1 turistick\u00e1 stezka T\u0159i v\u011b\u017ee v Durynsku se t\u00e1hnou chr\u00e1n\u011bnou oblast\u00ed o rozloze 150 km\u00b2, zat\u00edmco l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fd park se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v vrstv\u00e1ch tr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f, v\u0159esovi\u0161\u0165 a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch h\u00e1j\u00edch. Kneippova za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 u Goethovy font\u00e1ny, Dammbachsgrundu a Gottesbr\u00fcnnleinu \u2013 nab\u00edzej\u00ed vodn\u00ed hydroterapii pro koupele nohou a turistick\u00e9 trasy. Na vrcholu Adelsbergu nab\u00edz\u00ed Paul\u00ednsk\u00e1 v\u011b\u017e (1884) panoramatick\u00fd v\u00fdhled na durynskou krajinu, jej\u00ed\u017e plo\u0161ina je skromnou odm\u011bnou za \u0161estadvacetimetrov\u00fd v\u00fdstup.<\/p>\n
Dopravn\u00ed spojen\u00ed Bad Berky zast\u00edr\u00e1 jej\u00ed mal\u00fd rozsah. Dv\u011b stanice na Ilmsk\u00e9 \u017eeleznici spojuj\u00ed j\u00e1dro m\u011bsta a sousedn\u00ed okres Mnichov s V\u00fdmarem a Kranichfeldem. Obc\u00ed proch\u00e1zej\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1lnice B85 a B87, a\u010dkoli \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9 druh\u00e9 byly v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch p\u0159eklasifikov\u00e1ny na st\u00e1tn\u00ed silnice. \u0160est kilometr\u016f severn\u011b le\u017e\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatky Nohra a V\u00fdmar s d\u00e1lnic\u00ed A4 a mal\u00e9 leti\u0161t\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed pilot\u016fm kluz\u00e1k\u016f a ob\u010dasn\u00fdm charterov\u00fdm let\u016fm.<\/p>\n
Historicky se osudy m\u011bsta podobaly osud\u016fm \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho regionu. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bku zde od roku 1251 a\u017e do reformace vzkv\u00e9tal cisterci\u00e1ck\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161ter, jeho\u017e kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed kostel tvo\u0159il z\u00e1klad pro pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed c\u00edrkevn\u00ed stavby. Bad Berka, za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00e1 do velkov\u00e9vodstv\u00ed Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach v N\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, za\u017eila v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 rozvraty: ropn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a podzemn\u00ed z\u00e1vod na nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce se staly c\u00edlem spojeneck\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 kampan\u011b v roce 1945. Spojeneck\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed 31. b\u0159ezna, 5. dubna a 9. dubna si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo ob\u011bti na civilistech i voj\u00e1c\u00edch, co\u017e si dnes p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed pam\u011btn\u00ed st\u00e9ly na m\u011bstsk\u00e9m h\u0159bitov\u011b \u2013 hroby 23 ob\u011bt\u00ed a plakety na po\u010dest vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch osob a padl\u00fdch americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/p>\n
Administrativn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj m\u011bsta tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnil jeho obecn\u00ed kontury. Durynsk\u00e1 reforma z roku 1994 sjednotila Berku s d\u0159\u00edve nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi obcemi Tannroda, Bergern, Schoppendorf, Meckfeld a Tiefengruben, zat\u00edmco Gutendorf se p\u0159ipojil v prosinci 2008. Ka\u017ed\u00fd okres p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky: v Bergernu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vesnick\u00fd kostel \u201eZum Kripplein Christi\u201c, jeho\u017e interi\u00e9r zrekonstruoval um\u011blec Matt Lamb; v Tannrod\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Durynsk\u00e9 muzeum ko\u0161\u00edk\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o region\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0159emeslech; Meckfeld a Tiefengruben si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed klidn\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot v Bad Berce z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ukotven v jej\u00edm l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Od roku 1996 l\u00e1k\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed festival Party.San Open Air nad\u0161ence heavy metalu na otev\u0159en\u00e1 pole na okraji m\u011bsta. Tradi\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi durynsk\u00fdmi jsou bien\u00e1le Festival font\u00e1n \u2013 s pr\u016fvody, oh\u0148ostrojem nad l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdm parkem a ve\u010dern\u00ed pod\u00edvanou \u201eLiszt v zeleni\u201c, kde osv\u011btlen\u00e9 stromy doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed nahran\u00e9 klav\u00edrn\u00ed skladby z v\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 hudebn\u00ed akademie \u2013 a Festival drak\u016f na leti\u0161ti pro kluz\u00e1ky. Sch\u00fctzenfest v l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9m parku p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 do kalend\u00e1\u0159e loveck\u00fd pr\u016fvod, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed do\u017e\u00ednky a okresn\u00ed oslavy zdob\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edm teplem.<\/p>\n
V samotn\u00e9m l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9m parku si Goetheho font\u00e1na zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vody bohat\u00e9 na \u017eelezo z roku 1835, je st\u00edn\u011bna historick\u00fdmi vilami a lemov\u00e1na ra\u0161elinn\u00fdmi vrstvami z v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u011b. Socha\u0159sk\u00e1 d\u00edla Adolfa Br\u00fctta \u2013 busta Goetha v zahradn\u00edm v\u00fdklenku \u2013 a Bruna Eyermanna \u2013 skupina koupaj\u00edc\u00edch se, p\u0159idan\u00e1 v roce 1946 \u2013 o\u017eivuj\u00ed odkaz pramen\u016f. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00e9 sanatorium \u201eSchloss Harth\u201c, slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9 v roce 1905 pod mottem \u201eMens sana in corpore sano\u201c, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed jako Durynsk\u00fd institut pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u\u010ditel\u016f, rozvoj kurikula a m\u00e9dia, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed transformaci z l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho centra na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centrum.<\/p>\n
Na sv\u00e9m kompaktn\u00edm pozemku nab\u00edz\u00ed Bad Berka jedine\u010dnou sm\u011bs l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 tradice, liter\u00e1rn\u00edch svazk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b. Proud \u0159eky Ilm prot\u00e9k\u00e1 starobyl\u00fdmi stezkami p\u00edskovcov\u00fdmi zdmi; rouben\u00e9 st\u0159echy a neoklasicistn\u00ed fas\u00e1dy p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed vedle ocelov\u00fdch p\u0159ipom\u00ednek v\u00e1lky. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se mohou proch\u00e1zet po v\u0159esovi\u0161tn\u00edch stezk\u00e1ch, zastavit se u mramorov\u00fdch bust nebo stoupat a sledovat \u00fasvit nad vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi lesy. P\u0159esto v srdci m\u011bsta z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho charakteristick\u00fdm rysem pramen, kter\u00fd nejprve p\u0159inesl nad\u011bji pacient\u016fm s tuberkul\u00f3zou a pozd\u011bji upoutal Goethovu pozornost \u2013 voda, kter\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u017eivot komunity, l\u00e9ka\u0159skou praxi a tich\u00fd rytmus l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 existence.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bad Berka, p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 m\u011bsto le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdmarsk\u00e9 oblasti v Durynsku, s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8 000 obyvateli, z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed druh\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto v okrese Weimarer Land. Toto malebn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod\u00e9l \u0159eky Ilm a je obklopeno zelen\u00fdmi smrkov\u00fdmi a bukov\u00fdmi lesy, m\u00e1 historick\u00fd odkaz, kter\u00fd sah\u00e1 a\u017e do 13. stolet\u00ed. Jeho strategick\u00e1 poloha, pouh\u00fdch 12 kilometr\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od V\u00fdmaru, v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnila jeho kulturn\u00ed a ekonomick\u00fd rozvoj v pr\u016fb\u011bhu let.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17504,"parent":13736,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16563","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16563"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16563\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}