Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v klidn\u00e9m kout\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech, p\u011bt kilometr\u016f severn\u011b od Chebu, v nejz\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Chebsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve. Jejich m\u00edrn\u00e9 kopce se u obce Na Sk\u00e1le ty\u010d\u00ed do nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky pouh\u00fdch 483 metr\u016f, p\u0159esto ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed bohatou s\u00ed\u0165 miner\u00e1ln\u00edch pramen\u016f, jejich\u017e pov\u011bst sah\u00e1 stalet\u00ed do minulosti. Obc\u00ed se vine p\u0159\u00edtok Oh\u0159e, Slatinn\u00fd potok, kter\u00fd se vine kolem souboru osmi osad \u2013 samotn\u00fdch Franti\u0161kov\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed (2 986 obyvatel), Alej\u00ed Z\u00e1ti\u0161\u00ed (59), Dlouh\u00fdch Most\u016f (44), Doln\u00edch Loman\u016f (235), Horn\u00edch Loman\u016f (890), Krapic (47), Slatiny (416) a \u017d\u00edrovic (355) \u2013 ne\u017e se ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch. Krajinu dotv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u0159ada rybn\u00edk\u016f, z nich\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed se jmenuje Amerika, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1padn\u00ed ostrov je chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011bm pro migruj\u00edc\u00ed vodn\u00ed pt\u00e1ky a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed b\u0159ehy jsou v\u011bnov\u00e1ny letn\u00ed rekreaci.<\/p>\n
Vody v tomto regionu jsou v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm od konce \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy Georgius Agricola (1494\u20131555) zaznamenal slan\u00e9 prameny vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 obyvateli Chebu. V t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch l\u00e9tech m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice umo\u017e\u0148ovala ob\u010dan\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup ke studn\u00e1m podle starod\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zvyku; voda se nab\u00edrala do hlin\u011bn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a rozv\u00e1\u017eela po cel\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Do roku 1700 \u00fadajn\u011b tr\u017eby z t\u011bchto pramen\u016f p\u0159ekonaly celkovou produkci v\u0161ech tehdej\u0161\u00edch l\u00e1zn\u00ed. Kolem roku 1705 byl vedle pramene, pozd\u011bji zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Franzensquelle, zalo\u017een hostinec, co\u017e znamenalo prvn\u00ed skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bkroky k form\u00e1ln\u00edmu letovisku.<\/p>\n
Form\u00e1ln\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed prob\u011bhlo 27. dubna 1793, kdy l\u00e9ka\u0159 Bernhard Adler (1753\u20131810) z Egeru (dne\u0161n\u00ed Cheb) z\u00edskal c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 povolen\u00ed k zalo\u017een\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9ho Franzensdorfu \u2013 brzy zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jako Franzensbad \u2013 na po\u010dest c\u00edsa\u0159e Franti\u0161ka II. Adler dohl\u00ed\u017eel na odvodn\u011bn\u00ed ba\u017einat\u00fdch v\u0159esovi\u0161\u0165, v\u00fdstavbu l\u00e1vek a v\u00fdstavbu pavilonu a vodn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee ve Franzensquelle, kolem kter\u00fdch uspo\u0159\u00e1dal dvacet \u010dty\u0159i pramen\u016f v ortogon\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. Jeho vize se setkala s prudk\u00fdm odporem v tzv. Egerer Weibersturm, kdy m\u00edstn\u00ed \u017eeny, jejich\u017e \u017eivobyt\u00ed z\u00e1viselo na prodeji pramenit\u00e9 vody, zdemolovaly jeho ran\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z\u00e1sah chebsk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady nepokoje uti\u0161il a do poloviny stolet\u00ed se Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b staly samostatnou obc\u00ed (1852) s rozs\u00e1hlou s\u00edt\u00ed promen\u00e1d, pavilon\u016f a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed hledali l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 vlastnosti jejich vod.<\/p>\n
V prvn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch se l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 centrum t\u011b\u0161ilo patron\u00e1tu n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch osobnost\u00ed t\u00e9 doby. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe jej opakovan\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvoval; jeho dojmy se pozd\u011bji objevily v pam\u011btech Johannese Urzidila z roku 1932 s n\u00e1zvem Goethe in B\u00f6hmen. Ludwig van Beethoven sem p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bl s rodinou Brentano a Johann Strauss mlad\u0161\u00ed se proch\u00e1zel zahradami za zvuk\u016f vlastn\u00edch val\u010d\u00edk\u016f. Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed pout\u011b Bo\u017eeny N\u011bmcov\u00e9 a Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach \u2013 jej\u00ed\u017e novela z roku 1858 na\u010drtla spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho centra \u2013 d\u00e1le vylep\u0161ily jeho pov\u011bst. C\u00edsa\u0159skou patronaci poskytli arciv\u00e9voda Karel I. a c\u00edsa\u0159 Franti\u0161ek Josef I., kter\u00fd v roce 1865 pov\u00fd\u0161il Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b na m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n
Po cel\u00e9 devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed se do Franti\u0161kov\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed hrnuli ru\u0161t\u00ed velmo\u017eov\u00e9 a evrop\u0161t\u00ed aristokrat\u00e9, p\u0159itahovan\u00ed pr\u016fkopnick\u00fdmi procedurami, jako byly ra\u0161elinov\u00e9 koupele, kter\u00e9 pat\u0159ily k prvn\u00edm sv\u00e9ho druhu na kontinentu. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b postaven\u00e9 v roce 1827 nab\u00edzely spole\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed, zat\u00edmco pod\u00e9l hlavn\u00edch t\u0159\u00edd vyr\u016fstaly soukrom\u00e9 vily a hotely. Na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed se ro\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost zv\u00fd\u0161ila na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 000 pacient\u016f a 80 000 turist\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli ko\u010d\u00e1rem a pozd\u011bji vlakem po trati Cheb\u2013Hof. Ortogon\u00e1ln\u00ed pl\u00e1n l\u00e1zn\u00ed, prokl\u00e1dan\u00fd stinn\u00fdmi uli\u010dkami a neoklasicistn\u00edmi pavilony, sv\u011bd\u010dil o osv\u00edcensk\u00fdch ide\u00e1lech \u0159\u00e1du a blahobytu.<\/p>\n
Rozpad Rakousko-Uherska v roce 1918 zah\u00e1jil obdob\u00ed nejistoty. Jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u010ceskoslovenska se m\u011bsto pot\u00fdkalo s \u00fabytkem tradi\u010dn\u00ed klientely; Velk\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize v roce 1929 zasadila l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 ekonomice dal\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1nu. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce bylo n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed obyvatelstvo vyhn\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b Bene\u0161ov\u00fdch dekret\u016f a letovisko \u2013 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ejmenovan\u00e9 na Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b \u2013 bylo za komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu zn\u00e1rodn\u011bno. Vznikla st\u00e1tn\u00ed l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 sdru\u017eovala osm l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdch dom\u016f a hotel\u016f s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 500 l\u016f\u017eky a provozovala dvacet \u010dty\u0159i pramen\u016f, z nich\u017e dvan\u00e1ct je v provozu dodnes.<\/p>\n
Sametov\u00e1 revoluce v roce 1989 podn\u00edtila novou transformaci. L\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fd majetek byl p\u0159eveden na akciovou spole\u010dnost, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo o\u017eivit mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1jem. Restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed fas\u00e1d z c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00e9ry, renovace historick\u00fdch pavilon\u016f pramen\u016f a modernizace l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00ed do sou\u010dasnosti. V roce 1992 bylo centrum m\u011bsta chr\u00e1n\u011bno jako m\u011bstsk\u00e1 pam\u00e1tkov\u00e1 rezervace. V roce 2021 UNESCO zapsalo Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b spolu s Karlov\u00fdmi Vary a Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi L\u00e1zn\u011bmi do seznamu Velk\u00fdch l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00fdch m\u011bst Evropy, a to jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed za jejich p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prameny a vrcholn\u011b barokn\u00ed a\u017e secesn\u00ed architekturu, kter\u00e1 ilustruje kult zdrav\u00ed a voln\u00e9ho \u010dasu na kontinentu od osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho do dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Terapeutick\u00fd re\u017eim je dnes zako\u0159en\u011bn v m\u00edstn\u00ed geologii. Sr\u00e1\u017eky vsakuj\u00ed do sediment\u00e1rn\u00edch vrstev Chebsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve, rozpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed soli, ne\u017e se objev\u00ed ve dvaceti t\u0159ech aktivn\u00edch pramenech. A\u010dkoli se chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed li\u0161\u00ed, v\u0161echny vody maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd obsah rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 kyseliny uhli\u010dit\u00e9. Hydrostatick\u00e9 koupele vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011bchto vlastnost\u00ed ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce, m\u00edrn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku a usnadn\u011bn\u00ed krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt a poskytuj\u00ed \u00falevu od revmatick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. M\u00edstn\u00ed bahenn\u00ed procedury kombinuj\u00ed tepeln\u00e9, chemick\u00e9 a mechanick\u00e9 podn\u011bty: zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e1 sm\u011bs bahna a miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vody, aplikovan\u00e1 na svalstvo, zvy\u0161uje pohyblivost a zm\u00edr\u0148uje bolest postupn\u00fdm p\u0159enosem tepla a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm miner\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n
Krom\u011b l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu l\u00e1k\u00e1 k objevov\u00e1n\u00ed i architektonick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed Franti\u0161kov\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed. Neorenesan\u010dn\u00ed Spole\u010densk\u00fd d\u016fm (1877) je \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9ho centra a v jeho sloupov\u00fdch pr\u016f\u010del\u00edch a klenut\u00fdch interi\u00e9rech se konaj\u00ed kongresy, slavnostn\u00ed plesy a nach\u00e1z\u00ed se zde kasino. Kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 proch\u00e1zka na z\u00e1pad odhal\u00ed kostel Pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed svat\u00e9ho K\u0159\u00ed\u017ee (1815\u20131820), ryz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad emp\u00edrov\u00e9 sakr\u00e1ln\u00ed architektury, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010duje stroh\u00fdm portikem a vyt\u0159\u00edbenou v\u00fdzdobou. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed kostel sv. Olgy (1887), kter\u00fd sv\u00fdmi cibulovit\u00fdmi kopulemi a zlacen\u00fdm ikonostasem evokuje rusk\u00e9 baroko, je\u017e je sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edc\u00edch z carsk\u00fdch dom\u00e9n, kte\u0159\u00ed zde kdysi hledali odpo\u010dinek. Evangelick\u00fd kostel sv. Petra a Pavla (1875\u20131880) kombinuje novorom\u00e1nsk\u00fd styl s v\u011b\u017e\u00ed s kubistick\u00fdmi vlivy, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159istav\u011bna ve 20. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v Horn\u00edch Lomanech barokn\u00ed kostel sv. Jakuba Velik\u00e9ho (1739\u20131741) p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u017eivot na venkovsk\u00e9 farnosti p\u0159ed l\u00e1zn\u011bmi.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed program zahrnuje i p\u0159edstaven\u00ed a v\u00fdstavy. Divadlo Bo\u017eeny N\u011bmcov\u00e9, slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e9 v roce 1868 a p\u0159estav\u011bn\u00e9 v letech 1927\u20131928 v neoklasicistn\u00ed podob\u011b s interi\u00e9ry ve stylu art deco, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 koncerty a m\u00edstn\u00ed dramata pod freskami. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 muzeum zachycuje v\u00fdvoj m\u011bsta od ba\u017einat\u00fdch pramen\u016f a\u017e po destinaci ve stylu Belle \u00c9poque, zat\u00edmco soukrom\u00e9 Muzeum motocykl\u016f a automobil\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed fascinaci mechanick\u00fdmi \u0159emesly a designem. Pro leh\u010d\u00ed rekreaci nab\u00edz\u00ed aquapark Aquaforum modern\u00ed baz\u00e9ny, skluzavky a wellness centra, kter\u00e9 propojuj\u00ed minulost a sou\u010dasnost prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vodn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy.<\/p>\n
Modern\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do Franti\u0161kov\u00fdch L\u00e1zn\u00ed je snadn\u00fd. Silnice I\/21 spojuje Cheb a d\u00e1lnici D6 s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi hranicemi u Vojtanova, zat\u00edmco silnice I\/64 se odbo\u010duje sm\u011brem na A\u0161 a silnice I\/6 \u2013 navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na D6 \u2013 sm\u011b\u0159uje na jih sm\u011brem na Pomez\u00ed nad Oh\u0159\u00ed. Po trati Cheb\u2013Hof jezd\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 vlaky, kter\u00e9 do centra m\u011bsta dopravuj\u00ed jak l\u00e1ze\u0148sk\u00e9 hosty, tak i v\u00fdletn\u00edky.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto\u017ee Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b maj\u00ed sotva 5 600 obyvatel, dodnes z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny a architektury, v\u011bdy a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. V upraven\u00fdch promen\u00e1d\u00e1ch a sloupov\u00fdch kolon\u00e1d\u00e1ch je patrn\u00e1 osv\u00edcensk\u00e1 v\u00edra v l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159\u00edrody. V objet\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vod ka\u017ed\u00e1 nov\u00e1 generace znovuobjevuje stejnou klidnou intenzitu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ed p\u011bti stolet\u00edmi poprv\u00e9 upoutala zv\u011bdavost Georgia Agricoly. Zde, uprost\u0159ed klidn\u00fdch rybn\u00edk\u016f a pavilon\u016f z osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, se rytmy minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti sb\u00edhaj\u00ed v trp\u011bliv\u00e9m rozv\u00edjen\u00ed blahobytu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Franti\u0161kovy L\u00e1zn\u011b\u00a0is a\u00a0spa town\u00a0located in the\u00a0Cheb District\u00a0of the\u00a0Karlovy Vary Region\u00a0in the\u00a0Czech Republic, with a population of around 5,800 residents. This location, approximately 5 kilometers north of\u00a0Cheb\u00a0in the\u00a0Egerland region, is a significant component of the\u00a0West Bohemian Spa Triangle, alongside the towns of\u00a0Karlovy Vary\u00a0and\u00a0Mari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 L\u00e1zn\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18720,"parent":14322,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16212","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16212"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16212\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}