\u010ccheng-tu le\u017e\u00ed v srdci s'-\u010dchu\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nve, kde \u0159eka Jin prot\u00e9k\u00e1 \u00farodnou rovinou, kter\u00e1 je dlouho zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201eZem\u011b hojnosti\u201c. Jeho nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka mezi 450 a 720 metry vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 klima, kter\u00e9 je zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1no poho\u0159\u00edm \u010cchin na severu, je\u017e m\u011bsto chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed ostr\u00fdmi zimn\u00edmi v\u011btry. A\u010dkoli letn\u00ed vlhkost vzduchu stoup\u00e1, denn\u00ed teploty z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed 33 \u00b0C a sr\u00e1\u017eky se koncentruj\u00ed v \u010dervenci a srpnu. V prosinci do \u010ccheng-tu dos\u00e1hne m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e \u0161estn\u00e1ct procent mo\u017en\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu, v srpnu se zvy\u0161uje na n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es t\u0159icet procent, co\u017e ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 006 hodin jasn\u00e9ho slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu. Tyto podm\u00ednky spolu se zavla\u017eovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Dujiangyan \u2013 vybudovan\u00fdm ve t\u0159et\u00edm stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. bez p\u0159ehrady \u2013 udr\u017euj\u00ed r\u00fd\u017eov\u00e1 pole, \u010dajov\u00e9 zahrady a bambusov\u00e9 h\u00e1je na rovin\u011b po dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 se stalo \u010ccheng-tu, bylo ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. p\u016fvodn\u011b hostitelem kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u0160u. Poz\u016fstatky kultury Sanxingdui, objeven\u00e9 v roce 2001, odhaluj\u00ed sofistikovanou spole\u010dnost doby bronzov\u00e9, jej\u00ed\u017e zlat\u00fd motiv Slune\u010dn\u00edho pt\u00e1ka se nyn\u00ed objevuje na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m kulturn\u00edm symbolu. Osada si udr\u017eela sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev b\u011bhem po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch dynasti\u00ed, fragmentace c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed a republik\u00e1nsk\u00fdch p\u0159echod\u016f. B\u011bhem \u00e9ry T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed u\u010dinil Liu Bei z \u010ccheng-tu s\u00eddlo sv\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu \u0160u Han; pozd\u011bji slou\u017eilo jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto region\u00e1ln\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f po cel\u00fd st\u0159edov\u011bk. Uprchl\u00edci z v\u00fdchodn\u00edch provinci\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili jeho populaci b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a po roce 1945 kr\u00e1tce fungovalo jako prozat\u00edmn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto republiky. Za \u010ccheng-tu pevn\u011bji propojilo \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s \u010cchung-\u010dchingem (1952), Kunmingem a Lhasou s v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi, zat\u00edmco v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se objevil obrann\u00fd pr\u016fmysl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dne\u0161n\u00ed po\u010det m\u011bstsk\u00fdch obyvatel p\u0159esahuje dvacet milion\u016f, co\u017e z \u010ccheng-tu d\u011bl\u00e1 \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a jedinou nep\u0159\u00edmo spravovanou obc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tuto hranici p\u0159ekonala. V \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku Glob\u00e1ln\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch center za rok 2021 se um\u00edstilo na t\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00e9m p\u00e1t\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b a ve m\u011bst\u011b m\u00e1 pobo\u010dky v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i sta podnik\u016f z \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku Fortune 500. Automobilov\u00e9, stroj\u00edrensk\u00e9, farmaceutick\u00e9 a informatick\u00e9 firmy sd\u00edlej\u00ed prostor s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi institucemi, jako je S'-\u010dchuansk\u00e1 univerzita, Univerzita elektronick\u00fdch v\u011bd a technologi\u00ed a Jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed univerzita \u0164iaotong. Na z\u00e1padn\u00edm okraji n\u00ed\u017einy tvo\u0159\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Tianfu a Shuangliu jedno z nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u00e1rov\u00fdch uzl\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, zat\u00edmco se zde setk\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 na trat\u00edch vedouc\u00edch sm\u011brem k Si-anu, Kunmingu a d\u00e1le. Metropolitn\u00ed d\u00e1lnice, dvan\u00e1ct m\u011bstsk\u00fdch obvod\u016f, p\u011bt m\u011bst na \u00farovni okres\u016f a t\u0159i okresy pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 12 400 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a t\u00e1hnou se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 192 kilometr\u016f od v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody a biodiverzita nach\u00e1zej\u00ed sv\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v les\u00edch poho\u0159\u00ed \u010cching-laj a Long-men, kde nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka p\u0159esahuje p\u011bt tis\u00edc metr\u016f a kde se pandy velk\u00e9 potuluj\u00ed bambusov\u00fdmi hou\u0161tinami. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna pro chov pand velk\u00fdch v \u010ccheng-tu spolupracuje s nedalek\u00fdmi s'-\u010dchuansk\u00fdmi rezervacemi \u2013 domovem v\u00edce ne\u017e osmdes\u00e1ti procent sv\u011btov\u00e9 divok\u00e9 pandy \u2013 na podpo\u0159e chovu, obnovy divo\u010diny a ochrany stanovi\u0161\u0165 na plo\u0161e 9 245 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Hora \u010cching-\u010dcheng, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se do \u0161estn\u00e1cti set metr\u016f, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 taoistick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my, jejich\u017e slab\u011b osv\u011btlen\u00e9 s\u00edn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed ran\u00e9 praktiky. Syst\u00e9m Tujiangyan je st\u00e1le pln\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed a rozv\u00e1d\u00ed vodu po kan\u00e1lech, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00ed toky bez modern\u00edch \u010derpadel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot v \u010ccheng-tu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed starobylost i adaptaci. Svatyn\u011b Wu-chou ct\u00ed \u010cu-kchunga Lianga a Liu Pej kamenn\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy a sochami, zat\u00edmco Du Fuova do\u0161kov\u00e1 chata p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 l\u00e9ta str\u00e1ven\u00e1 b\u00e1sn\u00edkem dynastie Tchang v exilu u potoka Huan-chua. Muzeum relikvi\u00ed Jin\u0161a, m\u00edsto intenzivn\u00edch vykop\u00e1vek od 21. stolet\u00ed, vystavuje nefritov\u00e9, zlat\u00e9 a bronzov\u00e9 artefakty z tis\u00edc\u016f let. Nov\u00e9 galerie muzea San-sing-tui, otev\u0159en\u00e9 v roce 2022, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e dva tis\u00edce relikvi\u00ed v rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m modern\u00edm komplexu. Uprost\u0159ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b stoj\u00ed buddhistick\u00e1 a taoistick\u00e1 centra \u2013 chr\u00e1m Daci, Wenshu a pal\u00e1c \u010cching-jang \u2013 a uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed texty a relikvie spojen\u00e9 se S\u00fcan-cangem a Lao-c'.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pouli\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivot se st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 mezi poklidn\u00fdmi \u010dajovnami a t\u011bsn\u00fdmi uli\u010dkami obchod\u016f a restaurac\u00ed. \u010cajov\u00e1 kultura sah\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc let do minulosti; host\u00e9 si pop\u00edjej\u00ed jasm\u00ednov\u00fd nebo lungjingov\u00fd \u010daj p\u0159i hran\u00ed mahjongu nebo poslechu se\u010du\u00e1nsk\u00e9 opery. Bar\u016f je v\u00edce ne\u017e v \u0160anghaji a v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159icet tis\u00edc \u010dajoven slou\u017e\u00ed jako centra spole\u010densk\u00fdch akc\u00ed. Restaurace s hotpoty, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost m\u00edstn\u00edm chilli a pep\u0159\u016fm, l\u00e1kaj\u00ed rodiny a kolegy kolem hork\u00fdch kotl\u016f. Na p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00ed restaurace \u201eNong Jia Le\u201c dom\u00e1c\u00ed j\u00eddla, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed a mahjongov\u00e9 stoly pod jednou st\u0159echou a zvou obyvatele m\u011bst k str\u00e1ven\u00ed noci za n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bkolik starobyl\u00fdch m\u011bst, kter\u00e1 si uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed vrstvy historie. Ulice Jinli, kdysi obchodn\u00ed tepna z \u00e9ry Chan, nyn\u00ed host\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 obchody pod st\u0159echami ve stylu \u010cching; \u0160irok\u00e9 a \u00fazk\u00e9 uli\u010dky v Kuanzhaixiangziang-\u0165iang p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed lidovou architekturu; Huanglongxi a Anren nab\u00edzej\u00ed zachoval\u00e9 s\u00eddla, muzejn\u00ed sb\u00edrky a promen\u00e1dy pod\u00e9l \u0159eky. Luodai, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed osada kmene Hakka, si zachovala sv\u016fj n\u00e1zev z \u00e9ry T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ve zna\u010den\u00ed a keramice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Metropolitn\u00ed status \u010ccheng-tu se roz\u0161i\u0159uje i na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. V roce 2023 hostilo letn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 univerzitn\u00ed hry a v roce 2025 bude hostit sv\u011btov\u00e9 hry. M\u011bsto m\u00e1 dvacet t\u0159i diplomatick\u00fdch mis\u00ed \u2013 hned po Pekingu, \u0160anghaji a Kantonu \u2013 a s\u00eddl\u00ed zde Z\u00e1padn\u00ed velitelstv\u00ed Lidov\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy. Jako\u017eto centr\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bsto st\u00e1tu je \u010ccheng-tu oporou z\u00e1padn\u00edch rozvojov\u00fdch strategi\u00ed a podporuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 v\u00fdstupy, co\u017e ho \u0159ad\u00ed mezi dvacet p\u011bt nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch center na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010dtvrti se vedle chr\u00e1m\u016f a \u010dajoven ty\u010d\u00ed modern\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee. Doprava hu\u010d\u00ed tunely a mosty postaven\u00e9 pro m\u011bsto, jeho\u017e druh\u00fd okruh nyn\u00ed uzav\u00edr\u00e1 velkou \u010d\u00e1st jeho podlahov\u00e9 plochy. P\u0159esto kan\u00e1ly Tujiangyan st\u00e1le te\u010dou a hory z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed za jasn\u00fdch dn\u016f viditeln\u00e9. \u010ccheng-tu se rozrostlo v komplexn\u00ed metropoli, ani\u017e by se zbavilo prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 definovaly jeho minulost: hojn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, sb\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u0159ek, kulturn\u00edch k\u0159i\u017eovatek a pand, kter\u00e9 se staly symbolem m\u00edstn\u00ed identity i ambic\u00ed v oblasti ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody. V jeho ulic\u00edch se m\u00eds\u00ed pr\u00e1ce s voln\u00fdm \u010dasem, chr\u00e1m s \u010dajovnou, v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 laborato\u0159 s rodinnou kuchyn\u00ed. \u010ccheng-tu, star\u00e9 p\u0159es dva tis\u00edce let, se i nad\u00e1le formuje kolem \u017eiv\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed roviny a aspirac\u00ed m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le ct\u00ed jeho jm\u00e9no.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u010ccheng-tu, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto provincie S'-\u010dchuan v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, je p\u0159\u00edkladem rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b spolu s jej\u00ed rychlou modernizac\u00ed. S po\u010dtem obyvatel 20 937 757 podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v roce 2020 je \u010dtvrt\u00fdm nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem v \u010c\u00edn\u011b a je jedin\u00fdm s v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 miliony obyvatel mimo p\u0159\u00edmo pr\u016fchoz\u00ed obce. Toto energick\u00e9 m\u011bsto, kter\u00e9 p\u016fsob\u00ed jako klasick\u00e9 centrum z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, m\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou kombinaci star\u00e9 historie a modern\u00edho rozvoje.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4444,"parent":15750,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15845","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15845"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15845\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}