\u010cu-chaj zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00fd pruh zem\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u00fast\u00ed Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky, kde se sladk\u00e1 voda setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em. Jeho n\u00e1zev, v \u010d\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1dan\u00fd jako \u201eperlov\u00e9 mo\u0159e\u201c, odkazuje jak na jeho pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed polohu, tak na p\u016fvod m\u011bsta u \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky, kter\u00e9 bylo odjak\u017eiva cen\u011bno pro rybolov a obchod. Od sv\u00e9ho pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed na m\u011bsto v roce 1979 \u010cu-chaj p\u0159itahuje pozornost svou p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159skou polohou a politikou zam\u011b\u0159enou na urychlen\u00ed r\u016fstu a otev\u0159en\u00ed regionu zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu kapit\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bsto \u010cu-chaj, hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed s m\u011bstem \u0164iang-men na z\u00e1pad\u011b, \u010cung-\u0161anem na severu a Macaem na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b, tvo\u0159\u00ed jeden z roh\u016f hust\u011b zastav\u011bn\u00e9ho shluku obc\u00ed v delt\u011b Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky le\u017e\u00ed \u0160en-\u010den a Hongkong, ob\u011b m\u011bsta p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 po vod\u011b nebo mostem. V r\u00e1mci vlastn\u00edch hranic se m\u011bstsk\u00e9 j\u00e1dro nach\u00e1z\u00ed v okrese Siang-\u010dou, p\u0159\u00edmo soused\u00edc\u00edm s Macaem, kde hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echody Kung-pej a Lotus Bridge odbavuj\u00ed denn\u00ed proudy doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch a n\u00e1kladu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V roce 1980 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1da ozna\u010dila \u010cu-chaj za jednu ze \u010dty\u0159 prvn\u00edch zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00f3n. Tento status zavedl da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00falevy, zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 celn\u00ed postupy a voln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontrolu zahrani\u010dn\u00edch investic. Pl\u00e1nova\u010di si p\u0159edstavovali mnohostrann\u00e9 centrum \u2013 kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed provoz, v\u011bdu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, cestovn\u00ed ruch a dopravu. Bl\u00edzkost m\u011bsta k Macau nab\u00edzela br\u00e1nu na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed trhy a posilovala obchodn\u00ed vazby, kter\u00e9 dlouho prob\u00edhaly p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edstavy z koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry na poloostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed se infrastruktura \u0159\u00eddila politikou. Hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav v Gaolanu byl otev\u0159en pro velk\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u011b, zat\u00edmco men\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav Jiuzhou se specializoval na osobn\u00ed dopravu. Investice do roku 2008 v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 miliard USD odr\u00e1\u017eely z\u00e1vazky nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, jako jsou ExxonMobil, BP a Siemens. V r\u00e1mci gener\u00e1ln\u00edho pl\u00e1nu delty Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky, schv\u00e1len\u00e9ho St\u00e1tn\u00ed radou, si \u010cu-chaj vyslou\u017eil ozna\u010den\u00ed za st\u0159edn\u011b velkou p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed metropoli, pov\u011b\u0159enou jak region\u00e1ln\u00ed logistikou, tak klastry specializovan\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okres Xiangzhou pat\u0159\u00ed spolu s Macaem do oblasti Velk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu Kuang-tung-Hongkong-Macau, kter\u00e1 je v sou\u010dasnosti nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zastav\u011bn\u00fdm regionem na sv\u011bt\u011b. S\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 zaznamenalo p\u0159es 65 milion\u016f obyvatel ve m\u011bstech jako \u0160en-\u010den, Dongguan, Fo\u0161an a \u010cung-\u0161an. A\u010dkoli Hongkong z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 administrativn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fd, expanze m\u011bst a dopravn\u00ed spojen\u00ed zmen\u0161ily rozd\u00edly mezi t\u011bmito centry a vt\u00e1hly \u010cu-chaj do souvisl\u00e9ho p\u00e1su v\u00fdrobn\u00edch z\u00f3n, kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch park\u016f a nov\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zhuhai, p\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bsto mluv\u00edc\u00ed kantonsky, nyn\u00ed zahrnuje velk\u00fd po\u010det obyvatel hovo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch mandar\u00ednskou \u010d\u00edn\u0161tinou, kte\u0159\u00ed migrovali z vnitrozemsk\u00fdch provinci\u00ed. P\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed za prac\u00ed ve stavebnictv\u00ed, do tov\u00e1ren nebo do sektoru slu\u017eeb a p\u0159ipojuj\u00ed se k dlouhodob\u00fdm obyvatel\u016fm, jejich\u017e rodiny po generace pracovaly v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch korytech delty. Tento demografick\u00fd posun zm\u011bnil m\u00edstn\u00ed obchod a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot: obchody a \u0161koly nab\u00edzej\u00ed oba dialekty; restaurace sahaj\u00ed od tradi\u010dn\u00edch st\u00e1nk\u016f s mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi plody a\u017e po nudlov\u00e9 restaurace v seversk\u00e9m stylu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Klima m\u011bsta formovalo jeho pov\u011bst jako m\u00edsta k \u017eivotu a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b v zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Vlhk\u00e9 subtropick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed dlouh\u00e1, tepl\u00e1 l\u00e9ta p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00e1 bou\u0159kami a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, such\u00e9 zimy s pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdmi teplotami kolem 18 \u00b0C. Mr\u00e1z a sn\u00edh se v centru m\u011bsta nikdy nevyskytly a extr\u00e9mn\u00ed vlny veder jsou st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Zpr\u00e1va \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bd z roku 2014 za\u0159adila \u010cu-chaj mezi nejp\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, co\u017e potvrzuje st\u00e1l\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po bydlen\u00ed ze strany d\u016fchodc\u016f ze severu, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zimy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Administrativn\u00ed oblast \u010cu-chaje zahrnuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 690 kilometr\u016f pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a 217 ostrov\u016f, z nich\u017e 147 p\u0159esahuje 500 metr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed ostrovy \u2013 Hengqin, Qi'ao a Yeli \u2013 jsou propojeny hr\u00e1zemi a mosty a tvo\u0159\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00ed silni\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pevniny. Za nimi le\u017e\u00ed souostrov\u00ed Wanshan, roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bl\u00ed\u017ee Hongkongu ne\u017e hlavn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b \u010cu-chaje. Do roku 2009 spadal ostrov Nej Lingding pod jurisdikci \u010cu-chaje, ne\u017e byl p\u0159eveden do \u0160en-\u010denu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V posledn\u00edch letech m\u011bsto rozv\u00edj\u00ed veletrhy a v\u00fdstavy jako pil\u00ed\u0159 sv\u00e9 ekonomiky. Jeho kongresov\u00e9 centrum po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 akce v oblastech od n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch technologi\u00ed a\u017e po spot\u0159ebn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. \u010cu-chaj tak\u00e9 p\u0159edstavil prvn\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00fd \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd z\u00e1vodn\u00ed okruh. M\u00edstn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha hostila n\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00e9rie a ob\u010das i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1vody, co\u017e podtrhuje z\u00e1jem m\u011bsta o diverzifikaci nad r\u00e1mec pr\u00e1ce v p\u0159\u00edstavech a tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Leteck\u00e9 spojen\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na leti\u0161ti Zhuhai Jinwan, d\u0159\u00edve Sanzao Airport, kter\u00e9 spojuje v\u011bt\u0161inu provin\u010dn\u00edch hlavn\u00edch m\u011bst a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b host\u00ed leteckou show. V Xiangzhou se nach\u00e1z\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Jiuzhou, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s kr\u00e1tkou ranvej\u00ed a heliportem, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pro l\u00e9ka\u0159skou evakuaci a charterov\u00e9 lety na mo\u0159i. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b Macao, a\u010dkoli le\u017e\u00ed mimo hranice Zhuhai, le\u017e\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee centru m\u011bsta ne\u017e Jinwan a nab\u00edz\u00ed \u201eexpresn\u00ed spojen\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e9 obch\u00e1z\u00ed celnice v Macau pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do Hengqinu. Od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2018 most Hongkong-Zhuhai-Macao zkr\u00e1til p\u0159\u00edstup na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v Hongkongu, zat\u00edmco autobusov\u00e9 a trajektov\u00e9 spojen\u00ed obsluhuje leti\u0161t\u011b Shenzhen Bao'an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktura se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na vlakov\u00e9m n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed \u010cu-chaj, kter\u00e9 soused\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edstavem Kung-pej. Vysokorychlostn\u00ed spoje p\u0159epravuj\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed do Kantonu, Pekingu, \u0160anghaje, \u010ccheng-tu a Kuej-linu. Ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b je lehk\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Kung-pej s leti\u0161t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo zkr\u00e1tit doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed na zhruba t\u0159icet minut, a\u017e bude kolem roku 2024 zah\u00e1jen pln\u00fd provoz. Tramvajov\u00e1 tra\u0165 slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00e1 v roce 2017 ukon\u010dila provoz v lednu 2021 kv\u016fli technick\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm a n\u00edzk\u00e9mu po\u010dtu cestuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed slu\u017eby dopl\u0148uj\u00ed pozemn\u00ed a leteckou dopravu. Spole\u010dnost Chu Kong Passenger Transport provozuje trajekty z p\u0159\u00edstavu Jiuzhou do hongkongsk\u00e9ho termin\u00e1lu Shekou a p\u0159\u00edmo k leti\u0161tn\u00edmu molu. Samostatn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm leti\u0161t\u011bm v Hongkongu pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed v leteck\u00e9 doprav\u011b bylo spu\u0161t\u011bno v \u010dervenci 2007 a nab\u00edz\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd transfer pro cestuj\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159irozen\u00e9 hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy d\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010cu-chaji jedine\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00edm okraji delty, na rozd\u00edl od m\u011bl\u010d\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f na v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi silni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1lnice G94 Perlov\u00e1 delta \u0159eky, kter\u00e1 obep\u00edn\u00e1 metropolitn\u00ed oblast Kantonu a spojuje \u010cu-chaj s okresem San\u0161ui ve Fo\u0161anu. D\u00e1lnice G0425 Kanton\u2013Macao poskytuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 napojen\u00ed na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed severoji\u017en\u00ed koridor. Krom\u011b nad\u011bj\u00ed na budouc\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159es Heng-\u010dchin m\u011bsto v roce 1999 ulevilo od dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy mostem Lotus Bridge, kter\u00fd odklonil dopravu z p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9ho hrani\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159echodu Kung-pej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
R\u016fst m\u011bst vyvolal v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed obavy ze zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ty p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. \u010cu-chaj reagoval vyd\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a konzultacemi s in\u017een\u00fdry ze Singapuru, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli zdokonalit jeho urbanistick\u00fd pl\u00e1n. Zelen\u00e9 p\u00e1sy, parky a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed rezervace nyn\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 oblasti. M\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady propaguj\u00ed nov\u00e9 turistick\u00e9 z\u00f3ny na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch ostrovech \u2013 Heng-\u010dchin, Dong-ao, Hebao, \u010cchi-ao a Jeli \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dnes \u010cu-chaj vyva\u017euje sv\u016fj p\u016fvod jako ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 oblast s rol\u00ed provozovatele p\u0159\u00edstavu, hostitele v\u00fdstav a dopravn\u00edho uzlu. Jeho m\u00edrn\u00e9 zimn\u00ed klima l\u00e1k\u00e1 d\u016fchodce. Jeho strategick\u00e1 poloha, pos\u00edlen\u00e1 mosty a vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u017eeleznic\u00ed, spojuje pevninsk\u00e9 trhy s Macaem a Hongkongem. Trval\u00fd d\u016fraz na ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a turistickou infrastrukturu formuje m\u011bsto mezi deltov\u00fdmi proudy a otev\u0159en\u00fdm mo\u0159em, kde obchod, voln\u00fd \u010das a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot prob\u00edhaj\u00ed pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kdysi slou\u017eilo pouze mal\u00fdm lod\u00edm a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm s\u00edt\u00edm.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zhuhai, m\u011bsto na \u00farovni prefektury, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u00fast\u00ed Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky v ji\u017en\u00ed provincii Guangdong v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, m\u00e1 podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,4 milionu obyvatel. Toto strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 m\u011bsto se sv\u00fdm p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou \u201ePerlov\u00e9 mo\u0159e\u201c vstupuje na sc\u00e9nu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny a funguje jako port\u00e1l do oblasti delty Perlov\u00e9 \u0159eky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3127,"parent":15750,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15817","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15817","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15817"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15817\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15750"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15817"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}