\u0160r\u00ed D\u017eajavardanapura Kotte le\u017e\u00ed bezprost\u0159edn\u011b jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od obchodn\u00edho centra Kolomba, p\u0159esto zauj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00fdraznou roli jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru Sr\u00ed Lanky. Jeho hranice se sb\u00edhaj\u00ed s Kolonnawou na severu, okrskem Kotikawatta\u2013Mulleriyawa na severov\u00fdchod\u011b, Kaduwelou na v\u00fdchod\u011b, Maharagamou na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b, Dehiwalou\u2013Mount Lavini\u00ed na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b a m\u011bstskou oblast\u00ed Kolombo na z\u00e1pad\u011b. Tato kompaktn\u00ed jurisdikce se v roce 1982 stala administrativn\u00edm centrem a spojila shluk d\u0159\u00edve samostatn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed do jednoho celku. Jej\u00ed n\u00e1zev, p\u0159ekl\u00e1dan\u00fd do angli\u010dtiny jako \u201epo\u017eehnan\u00e9 pevnostn\u00ed m\u011bsto rostouc\u00edho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed\u201c, odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 formovalo jej\u00ed identitu po stalet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V jeho hranic\u00edch se ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 kolem dopravn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, jej\u00edm\u017e z\u00e1kladem je Nugegoda. \u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 Kelani Valley zastavuje na stanici Nugegoda a spojuje m\u011bsto s Colombem a body do vnitrozem\u00ed. Hned vedle se nach\u00e1z\u00ed hlavn\u00ed autobusov\u00fd termin\u00e1l, ze kter\u00e9ho se trasy rozb\u00edhaj\u00ed do sousedn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed. Men\u0161\u00ed zast\u00e1vka v Pita Kotte dopl\u0148uje s\u00ed\u0165, zat\u00edmco depo Central Transport Board v Udahamulle se star\u00e1 o \u00fadr\u017ebu a dispe\u010dink. V roce 2005 pl\u00e1nova\u010di pokro\u010dili s vodn\u00edm spojen\u00edm mezi Bataramullou \u2013 pobl\u00ed\u017e Parliament Junction \u2013 a kan\u00e1lem Wellawatte pobl\u00ed\u017e Marine Drive. Trasa, navr\u017een\u00e1 pro p\u016flhodinovou plavbu, m\u011bla zahrnovat p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed v Kotte Marsh, Nawala, kampusu Open University, nemocnici Apollo, Duplication Road, Wellawatte a St Peter's College. Pilotn\u00ed projekt n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva testoval \u00fasek mezi Open University a Wellawatte, kter\u00fd p\u0159edznamen\u00e1val \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed dopravu.<\/p>\n
Klima m\u011bsta se dr\u017e\u00ed klasifikace tropick\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa, p\u0159esto nese subekvatori\u00e1ln\u00ed rysy. Sr\u00e1\u017eky ovliv\u0148uje sp\u00ed\u0161e intertropick\u00e1 konvergen\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3na ne\u017e st\u00e1l\u00e9 pas\u00e1ty. Teplotn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed po cel\u00fd rok nepatrn\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc spadne nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161edes\u00e1t milimetr\u016f sr\u00e1\u017eek, co\u017e \u0159ad\u00ed oblast p\u0159\u00edmo do kategorie Af na K\u00f6ppenov\u011b stupnici. \u00danor m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b zhruba 63 mm a je nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00edm, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd z dvan\u00e1cti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f neklesne pod hranici \u0161edes\u00e1ti milimetr\u016f. Sez\u00f3nn\u00ed posuny se projevuj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e ve vlhkosti a sr\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1ch ne\u017e v teplot\u011b.<\/p>\n
Sport zauj\u00edm\u00e1 viditeln\u00e9 m\u00edsto v Kotteho parc\u00edch a soukrom\u00fdch klubech. Kriket dominuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm h\u0159i\u0161t\u00edm, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho celost\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost. Fotbal, kter\u00fd po roce 1980 zast\u00ednil kriket, si znovu z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edznivce. V d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch desetilet\u00edch sd\u00edlely prostor v parku EW Perera v R\u00e1d\u017eagiriji \u010dty\u0159i kluby \u2013 Lido, Welikada Progress, Welikada Red Star a Welikada United. Pavilon postaven\u00fd v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed podlehl demolici za vl\u00e1dy Jayawardene a t\u00fdmy se rozprchly. V Obeysekerapura se hr\u00e1lo a\u017e do 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady nahradily star\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b stadionem Chandra Silva. \u010c\u00e1st pozemku uvolnila pozemek pro kancel\u00e1\u0159skou budovu HSBC. V roce 2007 s podporou Ministerstva m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho rozvoje dokon\u010dila rada prvn\u00ed f\u00e1zi stadionu na rekultivovan\u00e9 skl\u00e1dce za b\u0159ehem. V posledn\u00edch letech se z\u00e1jem o fotbal obnovil. Nov\u00fd tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fd komplex m\u00edstn\u00ed asociace nab\u00edz\u00ed h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b vybaven\u00e9 zavla\u017eovac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem, posilovnu a dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e9 k formov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f do t\u00fdmu. Krom\u011b kriketu a fotbalu nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 kluby tenis, squash, kule\u010dn\u00edk, halov\u00fd kriket, badminton a stoln\u00ed tenis. Lekce j\u00edzdy na koni prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v jezdeck\u00e9 \u0161kole Premadasa v Nugegod\u011b.<\/p>\n
Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot v Kotte sp\u00ed\u0161e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed jeho administrativn\u00ed status ne\u017e turistickou atrakci. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed uspokojit zv\u011bdavost, lokalita z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b reziden\u010dn\u00ed a mezi jej\u00edmi n\u00e1jemn\u00edky jsou cizinci. N\u011bkolik hotel\u016f, restaurac\u00ed a maloobchodn\u00edch prodejen slou\u017e\u00ed jak \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm, tak i dlouhodob\u00fdm host\u016fm. Obchody lemuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed silnice a restaurace uspokoj\u00ed pot\u0159eby lid\u00ed s r\u016fzn\u00fdm rozpo\u010dtem.<\/p>\n
Pod touto modern\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed zbytky vodn\u00ed pevnosti ze 13. stolet\u00ed. Vesnice Darugama se nach\u00e1zela na m\u00edst\u011b setk\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159ek Diyawanna Oya a Kolonnawa Oya. Dv\u011b strany troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9 pevnosti lemovaly p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ba\u017einy; na stran\u011b p\u0159ivr\u00e1cen\u00e9 k pevnin\u011b stavitel\u00e9 vykopali p\u0159\u00edkop, jeho\u017e vnit\u0159n\u00ed b\u0159eh se rozkl\u00e1dal na plo\u0161e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2,5 kilometru \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edho. Hradby z kabooku, lateritov\u00e9 horniny, se ty\u010dily zhruba o 2,5 metru do v\u00fd\u0161ky a rozp\u00ednaly se p\u0159es deset metr\u016f do \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky. Na tuto stavbu dohl\u00ed\u017eel m\u00edstn\u00ed n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk Nissanka Alagakkonara. Sou\u010dasn\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i nab\u00edzej\u00ed sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Ibn Battuta ho zaznamenal jako vl\u00e1dce v Kurunegale, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 zdroje ho popisuj\u00ed jako str\u00e1\u017ece Raigama Korale v dne\u0161n\u00edm okrese Kalutara. V jedn\u00e9 epizod\u011b Alagakkonara udr\u017eel arm\u00e1du Arji \u010cakravarthyho na uzd\u011b p\u0159ed pevnost\u00ed a porazil invazn\u00ed flotilu u b\u0159ehu Panadura.<\/p>\n
M\u011bsto z\u00edskalo sv\u016fj form\u00e1ln\u00ed titul v roce 1391, kdy princ Sapumal, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako Sembahap Perumal, dobyl Jaffnu a p\u0159ipevnil j\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddomek Sri Jayawardenepura. Pot\u00e9 slou\u017eilo jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Kotte a\u017e do konce 16. stolet\u00ed. Uvnit\u0159 hradeb se ty\u010dily stavby z lateritu a hl\u00edny. Jeden lom je st\u00e1le viditeln\u00fd na pozemku m\u00edstn\u00ed \u0161koly Ananda Sasthralaya. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c se vyzna\u010doval zdmi z k\u0159emene, o nich\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee zachycuj\u00ed m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed svit, zakon\u010den\u00fdmi zlacenou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed a obklopen\u00fdmi zahradami nap\u00e1jen\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi prameny. Vedle n\u011bj le\u017eela t\u0159\u00edpatrov\u00e1 Dalada Maligawa, v n\u00ed\u017e byla ulo\u017eena posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 relikvie Buddhova zubu, a Arama, p\u011btipatrov\u00e1 rezidence pro \u0161edes\u00e1t mnich\u016f pod veden\u00edm Sangha R\u00e1d\u017ei. Poklady byly chr\u00e1n\u011bny v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 pokladnici, zat\u00edmco chr\u00e1m Kotavehara st\u00e1l v Baddagan\u011b za p\u0159\u00edkopem. Panovn\u00edk\u016fv h\u0159bitov se nach\u00e1zel nedaleko ve Veherakand\u011b. Cvi\u010debn\u00ed pole zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Angampitiya zab\u00edrala okraj vnit\u0159n\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkopu.<\/p>\n
\u010cty\u0159icet let po sv\u00e9m pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed se \u0160r\u00ed D\u017eajavardanapura postavila nov\u00fdm akt\u00e9r\u016fm. Portugalci dorazili na Cejlon v roce 1505 pod rou\u0161kou obchodu. Jejich vstup do Kotte se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku uk\u00e1zal jako v\u0159el\u00fd, ale ambice se p\u0159esunuly k vojensk\u00e9 a monopoln\u00ed kontrole. Do roku 1565 se m\u011bsta zmocnili. Opakovan\u00e9 \u00fatoky kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Sitawaka donutily okupanty opustit Kotte a za sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 centrum ozna\u010dit Kolombo. Stopy p\u016fvodn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkopu a valu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed, a\u010dkoli modern\u00ed z\u00e1sahy zabraly n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti; na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech se na starov\u011bk\u00fdch opevn\u011bn\u00edch nach\u00e1zej\u00ed obydl\u00ed, d\u00edlny a dokonce i hygienick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ineslo obnoven\u00fd r\u016fst. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bst pohltilo zbytky star\u00e9 citadely, proto\u017ee stavitel\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eili laterit a hl\u00ednu na stavbu silnic a most\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto materi\u00e1l\u016f se staly z\u00e1kladem mostu Victoria Bridge p\u0159es \u0159eku Kelani. Archeologick\u00e9 vrstvy se st\u00e1le vyno\u0159uj\u00ed na povrch \u2013 \u010dasto v chodidlech kolemjdouc\u00edch \u2013 a odhaluj\u00ed krajinu utkanou ze strategick\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho rozvratu a soudob\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy.<\/p>\n
\u0160r\u00ed D\u017eajavardanapura Kotte tak stoj\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce minulosti a sou\u010dasnosti. Jeho kan\u00e1ly lemovan\u00e9 ba\u017einami a \u0161irok\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy vykresluj\u00ed obrann\u00fd pl\u00e1n koncipovan\u00fd ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Jeho z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 sbory s\u00eddl\u00ed v kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00edch na dohled od b\u00fdval\u00fdch pal\u00e1c\u016f. Sez\u00f3nn\u00ed de\u0161t\u011b vy\u017eivuj\u00ed pozemky, kudy kdysi chodili mni\u0161i. Vlaky a autobusy se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed liniemi vyty\u010den\u00fdmi koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi pl\u00e1nova\u010di, zat\u00edmco osobn\u00ed lod\u011b \u010dekaj\u00ed na o\u017eiven\u00ed pod\u00e9l starobyl\u00fdch vodn\u00edch cest. Ve shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f, na h\u0159i\u0161t\u00edch, kde hr\u00e1\u010di kriketu m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed kryty a p\u00e1lkami, a v \u0159ad\u00e1ch tax\u00edk\u016f a tuk-tuk\u016f p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed vrstvy historie m\u011bsta. Pevnostn\u00ed m\u011bsto rostouc\u00edho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, slovem i formou, str\u00e1\u017ecem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy i str\u00e1\u017ecem sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho komplexn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte, uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 jako z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Sr\u00ed Lanky, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti pulzuj\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho centra Colomba, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako de facto ekonomick\u00e9, v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 a soudn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto zem\u011b. Toto m\u011bstsk\u00e9 centrum, charakteristick\u00e9 svou historickou hloubkou a sou\u010dasn\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro spr\u00e1vu a rozvoj ostrovn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3889,"parent":15708,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15714","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15714\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15708"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3889"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}