S\u00fdrie, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b Syrsk\u00e1 arabsk\u00e1 republika, zauj\u00edm\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed polohu na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. Jej\u00ed rozloha 185 180 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 milion\u016f obyvatel, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed pades\u00e1t\u00fd sedm\u00fd nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a osmdes\u00e1t\u00fd sedm\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t. Od pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch n\u00ed\u017ein a\u017e po v\u00fdchodn\u00ed pou\u0161\u0165 hrani\u010d\u00ed S\u00fdrie na severu s Tureckem, na v\u00fdchod\u011b a jihov\u00fdchod\u011b s Ir\u00e1kem, na jihu s Jord\u00e1nskem a na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b s Libanonem a Izraelem. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 \u2013 alespo\u0148 do ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch ot\u0159es\u016f \u2013 vl\u00e1dne jedin\u00e1 strana v dlouhodob\u00e9m v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m re\u017eimu, je administrativn\u011b rozd\u011blena do \u010dtrn\u00e1cti guvernor\u00e1t\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Dama\u0161ek slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed a hlavn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 centrum.<\/p>\n
Dlouho p\u0159ed vznikem modern\u00ed republiky ozna\u010dovalo \u201eS\u00fdrie\u201c v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed oblast rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edmi \u0159\u00ed\u0161emi. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy v Eble poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze t\u0159et\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 komplexy v Ugaritu a Mari sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o ran\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. V sedm\u00e9m stolet\u00ed n. l. s\u00eddlil v Dama\u0161ku dv\u016fr Umajjovsk\u00e9ho chal\u00edf\u00e1tu, co\u017e m\u011bsto ozna\u010duje za ran\u00e9 s\u00eddlo isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Za maml\u00fack\u00e9ho sultan\u00e1tu slou\u017eil jako region\u00e1ln\u00ed centrum; pot\u00e9 na v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i stolet\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161el do osmansk\u00fdch rukou.<\/p>\n
Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce Spole\u010dnost n\u00e1rod\u016f sv\u011b\u0159ila S\u00fdrii francouzsk\u00e9mu mand\u00e1tu. Francouzsk\u00e1 administrativa slou\u010dila provincie, kter\u00e9 kdysi dr\u017eeli Osman\u00e9, do jednoho politick\u00e9ho celku. V meziv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch letech s\u00edlily nacionalistick\u00e9 agitace. V dubnu 1945 se Prvn\u00ed syrsk\u00e1 republika p\u0159ipojila k Organizaci spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e mand\u00e1t ze z\u00e1kona ukon\u010dila. Francouzsk\u00e9 s\u00edly dokon\u010dily sv\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed v dubnu 1946 a S\u00fdrie z\u00edskala \u00faplnou de facto nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n
Ran\u00e1 republika se pot\u00fdkala s politickou nestabilitou. Mezi lety 1949 a 1971 vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159evraty nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161estkr\u00e1t zm\u011bnily formu vl\u00e1dy. V roce 1958 S\u00fdrie a Egypt vytvo\u0159ily Sjednocenou arabskou republiku; unie se rozpadla po p\u0159evratu v roce 1961. V b\u0159eznu 1963 se moci chopila frakce Arabsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 strany Baas a vl\u00e1dla v re\u017eimu stann\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory vedly k dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159evrat\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na v \u00fanoru 1966 a listopadu 1970, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v listopadu 1970 se k prezidentsk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u0159adu dostal H\u00e1fiz Asad. B\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed Asad zako\u0159enil syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed role p\u0159ipadly \u010dlen\u016fm jeho alavitsk\u00e9 komunity. Po jeho smrti v \u010dervnu 2000 se ho stal n\u00e1stupcem jeho syn Ba\u0161\u00e1r Asad.<\/p>\n
Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2011 se v r\u00e1mci Arabsk\u00e9ho jara roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do S\u00fdrie lidov\u00e9 protesty. Reakce vl\u00e1dy vyvolala mnohostrann\u00fd konflikt, do kter\u00e9ho se zapojily region\u00e1ln\u00ed i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti. Do poloviny roku 2015 skupina Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t dobyla rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 oblasti st\u0159edn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrie, co\u017e vyvolalo p\u0159\u00edmou intervenci n\u011bkolika st\u00e1t\u016f. Do konce roku 2017 se \u00fazem\u00ed ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 IS z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zhroutilo pod tlakem kurdsk\u00fdch sil, syrsk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch vojsk a spojeneck\u00fdch milic\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch arm\u00e1d. Objevily se nov\u00e9 politick\u00e9 subjekty, mezi nimi i poloautonomn\u00ed spr\u00e1va na severov\u00fdchod\u011b. Koncem roku 2024 do Dama\u0161ku kr\u00e1tce vstoupily opozi\u010dn\u00ed frakce a svrhly dosavadn\u00ed re\u017eim. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2025 je velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st syrsk\u00e9 infrastruktury v trosk\u00e1ch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sankce z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v platnosti.<\/p>\n
Fyzicky se S\u00fdrie skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fdch z\u00f3n. Pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e se na \u00fazk\u00fdch rovin\u00e1ch v zim\u011b sr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a rostou na nich olivov\u00e9 h\u00e1je a citrusov\u00e9 sady. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed se ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch governor\u00e1tech vyst\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 polosuch\u00e1 step, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do pou\u0161t\u011b. \u0158eka Eufrat, hlavn\u00ed syrsk\u00fd vodn\u00ed tok, te\u010de z Turecka na z\u00e1pad p\u0159es such\u00e9 roviny, ne\u017e se sto\u010d\u00ed na jih. Na severov\u00fdchod\u011b si n\u00e1horn\u00ed plo\u0161ina al-D\u017eaz\u00edra uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00farodn\u00e9 oblasti p\u016fdy zavla\u017eovan\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edtoky; na jihu se p\u011bstuje p\u0161enice a je\u010dmen na vulkanick\u00fdch p\u016fd\u00e1ch v oblasti Hawran. Poho\u0159\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed p\u0159esahuje 2 000 metr\u016f, zachycuje vl\u00e1hu a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zelen\u00fd p\u00e1s, kter\u00fd ost\u0159e kontrastuje s pou\u0161t\u00ed d\u00e1le na v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se v roce 1956 na severov\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b objevila ropa \u2013 v nalezi\u0161t\u00edch, jako jsou Rmelan a as-Suwaydiyah \u2013 tento zdroj zm\u011bnil profil syrsk\u00e9ho exportu. V polovin\u011b 70. let se ropa stala hlavn\u00edm zdrojem devizov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nalezi\u0161t\u011b pobl\u00ed\u017e Deir az-Zawr byla propojena s ir\u00e1ck\u00fdmi lo\u017eisky za hranicemi. Zemn\u00ed plyn se v D\u017ebese objevil v roce 1940, a\u010dkoli produkce plynu z\u016fstala a\u017e do posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed druho\u0159ad\u00e1. Mezi lety 2000 a 2008 rostl HDP na obyvatele v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 2,5 procenta ro\u010dn\u011b. Vl\u00e1da se sna\u017eila p\u0159ej\u00edt od st\u00e1tn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed k tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00fdm reform\u00e1m a podporovat zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice do cestovn\u00edho ruchu, slu\u017eeb a zemn\u00edho plynu. Pokrok se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal jako nerovnom\u011brn\u00fd a m\u00edra chudoby se do roku 2005 pohybovala kolem 30 procent.<\/p>\n
V\u00e1lka tyto skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bzisky zvr\u00e1tila. Do roku 2012 se p\u0159\u00edjmy z exportu propadly z 12 miliard americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f na 4 miliardy americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. Syrsk\u00e1 libra ztratila \u010dty\u0159i p\u011btiny sv\u00e9 hodnoty. St\u00e1tn\u00ed rozpo\u010dty byly z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na extern\u00edch \u00fav\u011brov\u00fdch link\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na z \u00cdr\u00e1nu, Ruska a \u010c\u00edny. Sankce USA a EU na v\u00fdvoz ropy, uvalen\u00e9 od roku 2012, st\u00e1ly zhruba 400 milion\u016f americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. Zabaven\u00ed fosf\u00e1tov\u00fdch dol\u016f Isl\u00e1msk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem v roce 2015 zlikvidovalo zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed tok p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed infrastruktury, kolaps m\u011bny a sankce zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na rekonstrukci se bl\u00ed\u017eily 10 miliard\u00e1m americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f.<\/p>\n
P\u0159ed konfliktem zahrnovala syrsk\u00e1 dopravn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 \u010dty\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b \u2013 Dama\u0161ek, Aleppo, Lat\u00e1kii a Kami\u0161l\u00ed \u2013 a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m spojuj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Silnice se t\u00e1hly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 70 000 kilometr\u016f, z nich\u017e 1 100 tvo\u0159ily rychlostn\u00ed silnice. Vnitrozemsk\u00e9 vodn\u00ed cesty existovaly, ale postr\u00e1daly obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. B\u011bhem v\u00e1lky se mnoho tras stalo nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi a p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed doprava p\u0159estala fungovat.<\/p>\n
Po\u010det obyvatel S\u00fdrie odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00ed migrace a os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Arabov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed v zemi st\u00e1le \u017eij\u00ed; d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu uv\u00e1d\u011blo celkov\u00fd po\u010det obyvatel na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 18,5 milionu (2019). Zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed Kurdov\u00e9 (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na severov\u00fdchod\u011b), turkicky mluv\u00edc\u00ed komunity, Asy\u0159an\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed skupiny. V Ma'loule a sousedn\u00edch vesnic\u00edch p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed novoaramejsk\u00e9 dialekty; klasick\u00e1 syr\u0161tina slou\u017e\u00ed liturgick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. Kurdsk\u00e9, tureck\u00e9, arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9, \u010derkesk\u00e9 a \u010de\u010densk\u00e9 men\u0161iny si udr\u017euj\u00ed sv\u00e9 jazyky bez ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho statusu. V ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u0159e\u010di dominuj\u00ed arabsk\u00e9 dialekty \u2013 levantsk\u00fd na z\u00e1pad\u011b, mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fd na severov\u00fdchod\u011b. Angli\u010dtina a francouz\u0161tina se objevuj\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a obchodu.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed kdysi ukazovalo, \u017ee sunnit\u0161t\u00ed muslimov\u00e9 tvo\u0159ili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny populace, alavit\u00e9 a \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 z \u0159ad dvan\u00e1cti c\u00edrkv\u00ed kolem 13 procent, k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 procent a dr\u00fazov\u00e9 asi 3 procenta. V praxi alavit\u00e9 od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00fd pod\u00edl na vysok\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch a vl\u00e1dn\u00edch pozic\u00edch. K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 denominace \u2013 \u0159eckokatolick\u00e1, syrskokatolick\u00e1, arm\u00e9nsk\u00e1 apo\u0161tolsk\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed \u2013 pokra\u010duj\u00ed v komunitn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b ve m\u011bstech a vesnic\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed zvyky v S\u00fdrii se to\u010d\u00ed kolem rodiny, pohostinnosti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f. Mezi spole\u010densk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly pat\u0159\u00ed tanec Dabkeh a tance s me\u010di na svatb\u00e1ch a festivalech. Lidov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed \u010derp\u00e1 z arabsk\u00fdch, kurdsk\u00fdch a aramejsk\u00fdch tradic. Kuchyn\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed podle regionu: aleppsk\u00e1 j\u00eddla kladou d\u016fraz na pikantn\u00ed kebaby; dama\u0161sk\u00e1 kuchyn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na pln\u011bnou zeleninu a vydatn\u00e9 pe\u010divo. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed j\u00eddla, jako je hummus, tabbouleh a labneh, doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed placky pe\u010den\u00e9 \u010derstv\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Hlavn\u00ed j\u00eddla jsou meze. Arabsk\u00e1 k\u00e1va nach\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto p\u0159i sn\u00eddani a b\u011bhem recepc\u00ed host\u016f; arak, an\u00fdzov\u00fd destil\u00e1t, se objevuje na slavnostn\u00edch hostin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Architektonick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed zahrnuje \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 divadla v Bos\u0159e a Apamei, k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 hrady jako Krak des Chevaliers a osmansk\u00e9 me\u0161ity, medresy a karavanser\u00e1je. M\u011bstsk\u00e1 z\u00e1stavba v Dama\u0161ku a Aleppu si zachovala st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti seskupen\u00e9 kolem s\u00fak\u016f a me\u0161it. Palm\u00fdra kdysi b\u00fdvala pou\u0161tn\u00ed citadelou v\u00fdchodu; po v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m po\u0161kozen\u00ed v roce 2015 odminov\u00e1n\u00ed a obnova postupuj\u00ed pomalu.<\/p>\n
P\u0159ed rokem 2011 nab\u00edzel cestovn\u00ed ruch r\u016fstov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l: pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed letoviska, poutn\u00ed m\u00edsta a archeologick\u00e9 z\u00f3ny p\u0159itahovaly n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky. Vl\u00e1da uva\u017eovala o diverzifikaci od ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a\u017e po slu\u017eby a pohostinstv\u00ed. V\u00e1lka tyto pl\u00e1ny zastavila. N\u011bkter\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed skupiny odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee do poloviny roku 2015 zaniklo 40 procent pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v odv\u011btv\u00ed cestovn\u00edho ruchu. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zastav\u011bn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, od hotel\u016f a\u017e po d\u00e1lnice, vy\u017eaduje opravu.<\/p>\n
Cestovn\u00ed rady kdysi varovaly p\u0159ed politick\u00fdmi diskusemi, proto\u017ee nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky k citliv\u00fdm t\u00e9mat\u016fm \u2013 izraelsk\u00e1 kontrola Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in nebo kritika vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed rodiny \u2013 by mohly p\u0159il\u00e1kat ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed pozornost. \u017debr\u00e1n\u00ed se n\u011bkdy v bl\u00edzkosti poutn\u00edch m\u00edst m\u011bnilo v agresivn\u00ed. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed se hod\u00ed do m\u011bstsk\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch \u010dtvrt\u00ed, ale jinde m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159itahovat pozornost; decentn\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed usnad\u0148ovalo interakci. Voda z kohoutku obecn\u011b spl\u0148ovala bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed standardy, a\u010dkoli zna\u010dky balen\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f se t\u011b\u0161ily v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e. Kvalita zdravotnick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se li\u0161ila; zahrani\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i \u010dasto obsluhovali hotelov\u00e9 hosty na zavol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b si Sy\u0159an\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmou kritiku vyhrazuj\u00ed pro soukrom\u00e9 situace. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 rozhovory se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm hlasem a animovan\u00fdmi gesty, i kdy\u017e ty vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e zaujet\u00ed ne\u017e hn\u011bv. Hostitel\u00e9 v\u00edtaj\u00ed ciz\u00ed lidi; d\u011bti se od dosp\u011bl\u00fdch dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed l\u00e1skypln\u00e9 pozornosti. Spole\u010densk\u00e1 etiketa odrazuje od k\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ukazov\u00e1\u010dkem a ukazov\u00e1n\u00ed chodidel. Osobn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky prov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed komfortn\u00ed z\u00f3ny, ale pramen\u00ed z touhy po nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed kontaktu.<\/p>\n
\u017deny, zejm\u00e9na bez doprovodu, mohly p\u0159itahovat nevy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky; zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed a p\u0159ivol\u00e1n\u00ed kolemjdouc\u00edch obvykle sta\u010dilo k zastaven\u00ed ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch n\u00e1vrh\u016f. Podle m\u00edstn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f mohou z\u00e1kony o mor\u00e1ln\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e9st k zat\u010den\u00ed svobodn\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een sd\u00edlej\u00edc\u00edch soukrom\u00e9 prostory. Homosexu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010diny z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed trestn\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Navzdory ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm naru\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 dlouh\u00fd oblouk syrsk\u00e9 historie v jej\u00ed krajin\u011b, jazyc\u00edch a komunit\u00e1ch. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 vrstva \u2013 od ruin z doby bronzov\u00e9 a\u017e po osmansk\u00e9 l\u00e1zn\u011b \u2013 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch vln\u00e1ch \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a migrace. Jakmile se ulice op\u011bt rozjedou, \u010dtvrti rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 konflikty mohou hostit setk\u00e1n\u00ed na s\u00fac\u00edch a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch. Olivovn\u00edky vysazen\u00e9 p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi mohou st\u00e1le p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161et ovoce. A\u017e se vr\u00e1t\u00ed stabilita, syrsk\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed a \u017eiv\u00e9 tradice budou p\u0159ipraveny znovu zaujmout sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Form\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Syrsk\u00e1 arabsk\u00e1 republika, S\u00fdrie je zem\u011b v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edozem\u00edm a Levantou. S t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 17 miliony obyvatel v roce 2023 je S\u00fdrie strategicky um\u00edst\u011bna na k\u0159i\u017eovatce mnoha historick\u00fdch d\u011bdictv\u00ed a civilizac\u00ed. Z jihoz\u00e1padu Izrael a Libanon; z jihu Jord\u00e1nsko; z v\u00fdchodu a jihov\u00fdchodu Ir\u00e1k; ze severu Turecko; ze z\u00e1padu St\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e. Slo\u017eit\u00e9 minul\u00e9 i sou\u010dasn\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy S\u00fdrie byly do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ovlivn\u011bny touto geografickou polohou.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3305,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15631","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15631"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15631\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3305"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}