Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty (SAE), le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm c\u00edpu Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, se jev\u00ed jako pozoruhodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad rychl\u00e9 transformace. Za necel\u00fdch p\u016fl stolet\u00ed se shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00fdch pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch \u0161ejch\u00e1t a pou\u0161tn\u00edch o\u00e1z sjednotilo do federace sedmi emir\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed, Dubaje, \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1, Ad\u017em\u00e1nu, Umm al-Kuvajnu, R\u00e1s al-Chajmy a Fud\u017eajry \u2013 z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edho panovn\u00edka, ale je spojen feder\u00e1ln\u00ed volenou monarchi\u00ed. S Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed jako s\u00eddlem prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu a politick\u00fdm centrem se federace rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 83 600 kilometrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Jej\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed je poznamen\u00e1no pohybliv\u00fdmi dunami, pust\u00fdmi horami, t\u0159pytiv\u00fdmi pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edmi a enkl\u00e1vami, jejich\u017e hranice \u0161eptaj\u00ed o minul\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch sporech.<\/p>\n
Obrysy emir\u00e1t\u016f jsou definov\u00e1ny jak pou\u0161t\u00ed, tak mo\u0159em. Na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b a z\u00e1pad\u011b le\u017e\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie; na v\u00fdchod\u011b a severov\u00fdchod\u011b Om\u00e1n; p\u0159es vody Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu le\u017e\u00ed Katar a \u00cdr\u00e1n; a na severov\u00fdchod\u011b se Om\u00e1nsk\u00fd z\u00e1liv otev\u00edr\u00e1 sm\u011brem k Indick\u00e9mu oce\u00e1nu. Rub al-Chal\u00ed, tzv. Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 \u010dtvr\u0165, se t\u00e1hne k ji\u017en\u00edm kon\u010din\u00e1m Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed v mo\u0159i sp\u00e1len\u00fdch okrov\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f. D\u00e1le na sever krajinu pro\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed Had\u017ear, jeho\u017e \u0161ed\u00e9 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny se ty\u010d\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 900 metr\u016f u D\u017eebel D\u017eajs v R\u00e1s al-Chajm\u00e1. Mezi t\u011bmito extr\u00e9my le\u017e\u00ed o\u00e1zy: Liv\u00e1, rozlehl\u00e1 a izolovan\u00e1 pobl\u00ed\u017e sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00fdch hranic; Al-Burajmi, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na hranici s Om\u00e1nem; a um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 jezero Zakher u Al Ajnu, kter\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee unie zvl\u00e1d\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed vody.<\/p>\n
Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u011b se t\u00e1hnou pod oblohou, kter\u00e1 po v\u011bt\u0161inu roku spaluje ne\u00faprosn\u00e9 slunce. Pod\u00e9l zhruba 650 kilometr\u016f pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se do vnitrozem\u00ed t\u00e1hnou soln\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b, kter\u00e9 ustupuj\u00ed ropn\u00fdm plo\u0161in\u00e1m, p\u0159\u00edstav\u016fm a m\u011bst\u016fm. Dubajsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav, kdysi skromn\u00fd, byl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en bagrov\u00e1n\u00edm; Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed, \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1 a dal\u0161\u00ed emir\u00e1ty udr\u017euj\u00ed hlubokomo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed emir\u00e1ty se sv\u011btov\u00fdm obchodem. Tyto um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy v\u0161ak le\u017e\u00ed pod\u00e9l kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f a pohybliv\u00fdch p\u00eds\u010din, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e dlouho prov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed dovednosti n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f. Siln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlivy a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00e9 bou\u0159e nad\u00e1le formuj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, i kdy\u017e nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00ed a elektronick\u00e9 pilotn\u00ed syst\u00e9my usnad\u0148uj\u00ed plavbu ob\u0159\u00edch tanker\u016f nalo\u017een\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdm zlatem, kter\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladem n\u00e1rodn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Klima se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sv\u00fdm pou\u0161tn\u00edm mand\u00e1tem: l\u00e9ta jsou parn\u00e1 s denn\u00edmi teplotami \u010dasto p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edmi 45 \u00b0C na pl\u00e1n\u00edch; zimy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9, v noci kles\u00e1 teplota na 10\u201314 \u00b0C. Sr\u00e1\u017eek je m\u00e1lo, obvykle padaj\u00ed v kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, p\u0159\u00edvalov\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch b\u011bhem chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u010das zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee vyschl\u00e1 koryta v\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1hle vybuchnou a vytvo\u0159\u00ed \u0159eky. V hor\u00e1ch jsou sr\u00e1\u017eky o n\u011bco \u0161t\u011bd\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed a ob\u010das padaj\u00ed jako sn\u00edh \u2013 nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je na D\u017eebel D\u017eajs v prosinci 2004, kdy byl vrchol poprv\u00e9 zaznamenan\u00fd v historii pokryt b\u00edlou vrstvou sn\u011bhu. Pra\u0161n\u00e9 bou\u0159e se mohou objevit bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed a zahalit d\u00e1lnice a pou\u0161tn\u00ed cesty, zat\u00edmco vlhk\u00e9 v\u011btry z jihov\u00fdchodu, m\u00edstn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u0160arki, v pozdn\u00edm l\u00e9t\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 dusno p\u0159es pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed struktura, vytvo\u0159en\u00e1 v roce 1971, kdy Brit\u00e1nie vystoupila ze sv\u00fdch protektor\u00e1t\u016f, p\u0159id\u011bluje ka\u017ed\u00e9mu emir\u00e1tu \u0161irokou autonomii. Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 87 procent \u00fazem\u00ed st\u00e1tu, m\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv: jeho vl\u00e1dce tradi\u010dn\u011b slou\u017e\u00ed jako prezident federace a jeho p\u0159\u00edjmy \u2013 zejm\u00e9na z ropy a plynu \u2013 financuj\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st v\u00fddaj\u016f unie na zdravotnictv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a infrastrukturu. Dubaj, nejmen\u0161\u00ed co do rozlohy, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, se zam\u011b\u0159uje na obchod, letectv\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed ruch a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm centrem, kde se m\u00eds\u00ed p\u0159es 10 milion\u016f obyvatel a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1 si udr\u017euje konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed klima, jeho\u017e pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je protkan\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi oblastmi a kulturn\u00edmi \u010dtvrt\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 odkazuj\u00ed na arabsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Severn\u00ed kvarteto emir\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 Fud\u017eajra, Ad\u017em\u00e1n, R\u00e1s al-Chajma a Umm al-Kuvajn \u2013 kombinuje pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed enkl\u00e1vy, horsk\u00e1 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b a pou\u0161tn\u00ed rozlohy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich nab\u00edz\u00ed vlastn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu mezi tradic\u00ed a modernitou.<\/p>\n
Popula\u010dn\u00ed dynamika ilustruje jedine\u010dn\u00fd charakter federace. V polovin\u011b roku 2024 \u017eije v SAE p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, p\u0159esto ob\u010dan\u00e9 Emir\u00e1t\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze asi jeden\u00e1ct procent z tohoto po\u010dtu. Zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed migranti p\u0159itahovan\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00edm ve stavebnictv\u00ed, pohostinstv\u00ed, financ\u00edch a nes\u010detn\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Indov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba \u010dtvrtinu populace, n\u00e1sledovan\u00ed P\u00e1kist\u00e1nci, Banglad\u00e9\u0161any a Filip\u00ednci; z\u00e1padn\u00edch emir\u00e1t\u016f je des\u00edtek tis\u00edc. Tato nerovnov\u00e1ha vedla ke spole\u010dnosti, v n\u00ed\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice neklidn\u011b koexistuj\u00ed s globalizovan\u00fdm \u017eivotn\u00edm stylem. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed status m\u00e1 arab\u0161tina a isl\u00e1m formuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec; p\u0159esto angli\u010dtina kraluje v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a ka\u017edodenn\u00edm obchod\u011b. St\u00e1t vyzn\u00e1v\u00e1 toleranci k jin\u00fdm vyzn\u00e1n\u00edm, umo\u017e\u0148uje c\u00edrkv\u00edm fungovat a nemuslimsk\u00fdm men\u0161in\u00e1m svobodn\u011b se vyzn\u00e1vat, i kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sunnitsk\u00fdmi muslimy \u2013 a\u010dkoli se federac\u00ed prol\u00edn\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u0161\u00editsk\u00e1 komunita spolu s vlivy ibadijsk\u00e9ho a s\u00fafijsk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Ropa a zemn\u00ed plyn z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem bohatstv\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f. Zem\u011b se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi deset nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch sv\u011btov\u00fdch dr\u017eitel\u016f z\u00e1sob ropy i plynu. P\u0159\u00edjmy plynouc\u00ed z vize zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho prezidenta federace, \u0161ejka Zayeda bin Sult\u00e1na Al Nahyana, byly investov\u00e1ny do nemocnic, \u0161kol, d\u00e1lnic a p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, co\u017e umo\u017enilo emir\u00e1t\u016fm vykro\u010dit sm\u011brem k modernit\u011b. Od p\u0159elomu 21. stolet\u00ed vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed ekonomiku. R\u016fst nyn\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed cestovn\u00ed ruch, finance, nemovitosti, logistika a technologie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hodnota a zam\u011bstnanost neropn\u00fdch sektor\u016f rostou. Dubaj, dlouholet\u00e9 centrum dopravy, host\u00ed dv\u011b z nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch leti\u0161\u0165 na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v Dubaji a rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se Al Maktoum \u2013 a Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed se stalo hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem glob\u00e1ln\u00edch konferenc\u00ed a kulturn\u00edch projekt\u016f, mezi nimi\u017e je Louvre Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed a pl\u00e1novan\u00fd satelit Guggenheimova muzea. Transformace z monolitick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozce uhlovod\u00edk\u016f na diverzifikovanou st\u0159edn\u011b velmoci neprob\u011bhla hladce \u2013 v letech 2015 a\u017e 2019 do\u0161lo k ob\u010dasn\u00e9mu zastaven\u00ed r\u016fstu \u2013 ale pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1r\u016fsty re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho HDP ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 procent mezi lety 2000 a 2018 podtrhuj\u00ed obecn\u011b pozitivn\u00ed trend.<\/p>\n
Koncentrace bohatstv\u00ed a politick\u00e9 moci nicm\u00e9n\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kritiku. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vin\u00ed vl\u00e1du z omezov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed, projevu a tisku a z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje dlouh\u00e9 zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bez soudu. P\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o mu\u010den\u00ed, nucen\u00fdch zmizen\u00edch a obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed disident\u016f. Pracovn\u00edci v n\u00edzkop\u0159\u00edjmov\u00fdch sektorech \u010dasto \u010del\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, omezen\u00e9 ochran\u011b a p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m v organizov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sk\u00f3re indexu lidsk\u00fdch svobod v zemi zaost\u00e1v\u00e1 za sk\u00f3re mnoha ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed a pozorovatel\u016fm p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e1 otev\u0159enost nebyla doprov\u00e1zena politickou liberalizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Investice do infrastruktury postupuj\u00ed rychl\u00fdm tempem. S\u00ed\u0165 d\u00e1lnic \u2013 zejm\u00e9na E11 t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se z Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed p\u0159es Dubaj, \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1 a d\u00e1le \u2013 spojuje hlavn\u00ed popula\u010dn\u00ed centra. Elektronick\u00e9 m\u00fdtn\u00e9 p\u0159es Salik v Dubaji \u0159\u00edd\u00ed dopravu a financuje \u00fadr\u017ebu. Syst\u00e9my m\u011bstsk\u00e9 dopravy se zako\u0159enily: dubajsk\u00e9 metro, bez \u0159idi\u010de a prvn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 rychl\u00e9 p\u0159epravy v regionu, se vine pod mrakodrapy; tramvaje a jednokolejky obsluhuj\u00ed \u010dtvrti jako Palm Jumeirah a Al Sufouh. Pl\u00e1ny na 1 200 kilometr\u016f dlouhou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u017eeleznici slibuj\u00ed propojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch z\u00f3n a vnitrozemsk\u00fdch m\u011bst, a\u010dkoli dokon\u010den\u00ed je st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let daleko.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed logistika p\u0159edstavuje dal\u0161\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159. P\u0159\u00edstav Khalifa, Jebel Ali, p\u0159\u00edstav Zayed a dal\u0161\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed br\u00e1ny nejen k region\u00e1ln\u00edm trh\u016fm, ale i k \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezce, modern\u00edmu zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest spojuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010c\u00ednu, ji\u017en\u00ed Asii, Afriku a Evropu. Automatizace, rychl\u00e1 manipulace a hlubok\u00e1 kotvi\u0161t\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed Emir\u00e1t\u016fm konkurovat tradi\u010dn\u00edm dopravn\u00edm uzl\u016fm; ambice sahaj\u00ed a\u017e k vyu\u017eit\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch spojen\u00ed p\u0159es Kavkaz a Evropu a prohlouben\u00ed spojen\u00ed za hranicemi Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot vyva\u017euje ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody a novost. V historick\u00e9 \u010dtvrti \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1 se v zrestaurovan\u00fdch v\u011btrn\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00edch a domech s kor\u00e1lov\u00fdm \u0161tukem nach\u00e1zej\u00ed muzea, kter\u00e1 dokumentuj\u00ed bedu\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice, lov perel a ran\u00fd \u017eivot na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Na ostrov\u011b Saadiyat v Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 \u0159ada muze\u00ed sv\u011btozn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Dubaj, kdysi skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bobchodn\u00ed m\u011bsto, nyn\u00ed host\u00ed galerie v Al Quozu a um\u011bleck\u00e9 prostory, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u00edla bl\u00edzkov\u00fdchodn\u00edch i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch tv\u016frc\u016f. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kni\u017en\u00ed veletrh v \u0160ard\u017e\u00e1, nejstar\u0161\u00ed v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159itahuje stovky autor\u016f a vydavatel\u016f.<\/p>\n
Literatura a poezie zde maj\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 ko\u0159eny. Ibn Mad\u017e\u00edd, mo\u0159eplavec a b\u00e1sn\u00edk z 15. stolet\u00ed z Ras al-Chajmah, byl pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem arabsk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159nick\u00fdch pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Spisovatel\u00e9 z po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed, jako byli Mubarak Al Oqaili a Salem bin Ali al-Owais, uchov\u00e1vali m\u00edstn\u00ed dialekty a folkl\u00f3r ve ver\u0161\u00edch, zat\u00edmco osobnosti z poloviny stolet\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1valy spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny uprost\u0159ed nez\u00e1vislosti. Dnes emir\u00e1t\u0161t\u00ed auto\u0159i pokra\u010duj\u00ed v tk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, kter\u00e9 stav\u00ed do kontrastu pastor\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u00e1zy se sklen\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u011b\u017eemi a globalizovan\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi.<\/p>\n
Festivaly tuto dualitu odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed: tradi\u010dn\u00ed liwsk\u00e1 hudba a tanec, odvozen\u00e9 z bantusko-africk\u00fdch rytm\u016f, p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed na pou\u0161tn\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00edch, i kdy\u017e Dubai Desert Rock Festival p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed heavy metal na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u00f3dia. Modern\u00ed skladby nach\u00e1zej\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto po boku stalet\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, proto\u017ee \u017eivot v Emir\u00e1tech osciluje mezi vzpom\u00ednkou a znovuobjeven\u00edm.<\/p>\n
I kuchyn\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o konvergenci. Po stalet\u00ed se mo\u0159sk\u00e9 plody, r\u00fd\u017ee a koz\u00ed nebo jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed maso pou\u017e\u00edvaly na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch a bedu\u00ednsk\u00fdch stolech. Ko\u0159en\u00ed a metody se sem dost\u00e1valy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm persk\u00e9ho, indick\u00e9ho a v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00e9ho obchodu: \u0161afr\u00e1nov\u011b zabarven\u00e1 k\u00e1va; machboos, ko\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd r\u00fd\u017eov\u00fd pokrm; datlov\u00e9 pokrmy a sladk\u00fd lugaimat. Dnes jsou s\u00faky pln\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00edho ko\u0159en\u00ed a produkt\u016f, p\u0159esto\u017ee glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce supermarket\u016f nab\u00edzej\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed ze v\u0161ech kontinent\u016f. Restaurace nab\u00edz\u00ed \u0161irok\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br od skromn\u00fdch st\u00e1nk\u016f se shawarmou a\u017e po gurm\u00e1nsk\u00e9 restaurace, kter\u00e9 reinterpretuj\u00ed arabsk\u00e9 pokrmy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm modern\u00edch technik.<\/p>\n
Cestovn\u00ed ruch se stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem strategie. Dubaj pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejnav\u0161t\u011bvovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsta sv\u011bta, jej\u00ed\u017e panorama je zv\u00fdrazn\u011bno mrakodrapem Burd\u017e Chal\u00edfa, v sou\u010dasnosti nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed budovou na Zemi. Nedaleko se z mo\u0159e ty\u010d\u00ed souostrov\u00ed Palm D\u017eumeirah a The World, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edz\u00ed sm\u011bs reziden\u010dn\u00edho a resortn\u00edho \u017eivota. Velk\u00e1 me\u0161ita \u0161ejka Zajda v Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed l\u00e1k\u00e1 poutn\u00edky a turisty sv\u00fdmi mramorov\u00fdmi s\u00e1ly a slo\u017eitou kaligrafi\u00ed. Ostrov Yas host\u00ed Ferrari World a okruh Yas Marina, kde se kon\u00e1 fin\u00e1le Formule 1. Podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Had\u017e\u00e1r a v\u00e1d\u00ed ve Fud\u017eaj\u0159e l\u00e1kaj\u00ed turisty a horolezce; hora D\u017eebel D\u017eajs v Ras al-Chajm\u00e1 nab\u00edz\u00ed nejdel\u0161\u00ed zipline na sv\u011bt\u011b. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Al Ajn \u017eivot v o\u00e1z\u00e1ch se st\u00ednic\u00edmi domy, datlov\u00fdmi palmami a archeologick\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy z t\u0159et\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.<\/p>\n
Za architektonick\u00fdmi n\u00e1vrhy a turistick\u00fdmi bro\u017eurami se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realita. Migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci \u010dasto \u017eij\u00ed v pracovn\u00edch t\u00e1borech na okraji m\u011bst, daleko od luxusn\u00edch hotel\u016f a nedot\u010den\u00fdch golfov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165. Vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed politick\u00e9ho nebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho disentu je omezov\u00e1no. \u017deny, a\u010dkoli nejsou ze z\u00e1kona povinny se zahalovat, se ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti federace \u0159\u00edd\u00ed konzervativn\u00edmi normami; na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostranstv\u00edch se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 decentn\u00ed od\u011bv a v me\u0161it\u00e1ch je povinn\u00fd. Alkohol, omezen\u00fd na licencovan\u00e9 podniky, je st\u00e1le dostupn\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm cizinc\u016fm; intoxikace na ve\u0159ejnosti je trest\u00e1na. Z\u00e1kony proti mimoman\u017eelsk\u00e9mu sexu, homosexualit\u011b a dr\u017een\u00ed drog z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 a tresty mohou zahrnovat i uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed nebo i hor\u0161\u00ed tresty.<\/p>\n
Celn\u00ed kontroly na leti\u0161t\u00edch mohou zahrnovat krevn\u00ed testy na l\u00e1tky po\u017eit\u00e9 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Obchodn\u00ed etiketa vy\u017eaduje formality: vym\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed karet pravou rukou, zdvo\u0159il\u00e9 pozdravy, trp\u011blivost p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Sami Emir\u00e1tci zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0159elost i hrdost, pe\u010dliv\u011b se staraj\u00ed o pohostinnost a z\u00e1rove\u0148 db\u00e1 na tradice.<\/p>\n
Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bchto rozpor\u016f \u2013 rychl\u00e9ho vzestupu mrakodrap\u016f a neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho pulzov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u0161tn\u00edch v\u011btr\u016f; kosmopolitn\u00edch bankovn\u00edch \u010dtvrt\u00ed vedle intimn\u00edch uli\u010dek s\u00fak\u016f \u2013 se Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty jev\u00ed jako studie kontrast\u016f. Jejich v\u016fdci vyu\u017eili uhlovod\u00edkov\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed k v\u00fdstavb\u011b z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fdch m\u011bst a financov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch kulturn\u00edch projekt\u016f. P\u0159esto ot\u00e1zky rovnosti, pr\u00e1v a budoucnosti rozmanit\u00fdch obyvatel federace z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161eny. Cestovat po Emir\u00e1tech znamen\u00e1 za\u017e\u00edt toto nap\u011bt\u00ed na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei: st\u00e1t na vrcholu t\u0159pytiv\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce, c\u00edtit v\u016fni chladn\u00e9ho horsk\u00e9ho vzduchu za \u00fasvitu, proch\u00e1zet se datlov\u00fdm h\u00e1jem a \u017easnout nad vynal\u00e9zavost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 prom\u011bnila chatr\u010de z k\u0159ov\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatky. Zde se historie a modernita sb\u00edhaj\u00ed pod bezmra\u010dnou oblohou a nab\u00edzej\u00ed jak sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o lidsk\u00fdch ambic\u00edch, tak p\u0159ipom\u00ednku toho, \u017ee pokrok nese sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed slo\u017eitosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty (SAE), nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eku Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, jsou feder\u00e1ln\u00ed volitelnou monarchi\u00ed sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze sedmi emir\u00e1t\u016f, s odhadovanou populac\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 10 milion\u016f k roku 2024. Spolu s Om\u00e1nem v Om\u00e1nsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu m\u00e1 tento strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd st\u00e1t na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hranice s Gulfou a pevninskou hranic\u00ed se Saudskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed a Sa\u00fadskou Q\u00e1dou. Ar\u00e1bie. Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem je Abu Dhabi; nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bstem a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm centrem je Dubaj.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2910,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15472","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15472\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}