Uzbekist\u00e1n le\u017e\u00ed v srdci St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, vnitrozemsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed ohrani\u010den\u00e9ho p\u011bti sousedy \u2013 Kazachst\u00e1nem na severu, Kyrgyzst\u00e1nem na severov\u00fdchod\u011b, T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nem na jihov\u00fdchodn\u00edm svahu, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nem na jihu a Turkmenist\u00e1nem na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b. Tento status mu d\u00e1v\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed dvojit\u011b vnitrozemsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, jednoho ze dvou na sv\u011bt\u011b vedle Lichten\u0161tejnska. S v\u00edce ne\u017e 37,5 miliony obyvatel se \u0159ad\u00ed k nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zem\u00edm regionu. Uzbeck\u00fd jazyk, odvozen\u00fd z karluksk\u00e9 v\u011btve turkick\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyk, zat\u00edmco po\u010detn\u00e9 rusky a t\u00e1d\u017ei\u010dtiny mluv\u00edc\u00ed komunity odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed mnohovrstevnatou minulost republiky. Uzbekist\u00e1n, ze sv\u00e9 \u00fastavy sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u00e1t, zakotvuje svobodu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esto jeho obyvatelstvo z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b sunnitsk\u00fdm muslimem, kter\u00fd je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota po stalet\u00ed tradic.<\/p>\n
\u00dazem\u00ed dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Uzbekist\u00e1n nejprve p\u0159il\u00e1kalo ko\u010dovn\u00e9 \u00edr\u00e1nsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed Skythy, jejich\u017e panstv\u00ed v Chorezmu, Baktrii a Sogdian\u011b se uchytilo mezi osm\u00fdm a \u0161est\u00fdm stolet\u00edm p\u0159. n. l. Pozd\u011bji se jako centra os\u00eddlen\u00ed objevily Fergana a Margi\u00e1na. Postupn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u2013 achajmenovsk\u00e1, \u0159ecko-baktrijsk\u00e1 a pot\u00e9 s\u00e1s\u00e1novsk\u00e1 \u2013 zanechaly sv\u00e9 stopy a\u017e do \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed isl\u00e1mu za ran\u00fdch Umajj\u00e1d\u016f. Za dynastie Sam\u00e1novc\u016f region rozkvetl, jeho m\u011bsta hromadila bohatstv\u00ed jako p\u0159epravn\u00ed st\u0159ediska Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky a podporovala vzd\u011blanost, kter\u00e1 pozd\u011bji definovala zlat\u00fd v\u011bk isl\u00e1mu. Tento rozkv\u011bt p\u0159inesl architektonick\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky a liter\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy, jejich\u017e ozv\u011bny dodnes rezonuj\u00ed v Samarkandu a Bucha\u0159e.<\/p>\n
T\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9 stolet\u00ed p\u0159ineslo ot\u0159esy. Mongolsk\u00e9 s\u00edly se prohnaly chvarazmskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, zredukovaly dynastick\u00e9 struktury a p\u0159etvo\u0159ily spole\u010densk\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy. Ve \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se Timur zmocnil t\u00e9to rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 mozaiky a zalo\u017eil \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, jej\u00edm\u017e klenotem byl Samarkand. Za jeho vnuka Ulugh Bega se toto m\u011bsto stalo centrem astronomick\u00e9ho a matematick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a zah\u00e1jilo to, co n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed popisuj\u00ed jako timurovskou renesanci. P\u0159esto v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed \u0161ajb\u00e1nov\u0161t\u00ed ch\u00e1ni nahradili timurovsk\u00e9 d\u011bdice, zat\u00edmco dal\u0161\u00ed Timurov potomek, Babur, p\u0159inesl st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed do severn\u00ed Indie a zalo\u017eil mughalsk\u00fd dv\u016fr.<\/p>\n
Jak imp\u00e9rium ustupovalo carsk\u00fdm ambic\u00edm, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, v\u010detn\u011b budouc\u00edch uzbeck\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed, se v devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed dostala pod ruskou nadvl\u00e1du. Ta\u0161kent, dobyt\u00fd v roce 1865, se stal administrativn\u00edm centrem rusk\u00e9ho Turkest\u00e1nu. Ot\u0159esy revoluce a ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nakonec vedly k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Uzbeck\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky v roce 1924 a s rozpadem Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1991 vznikla nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 republika.<\/p>\n
Uzbeck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dnes funguje na z\u00e1klad\u011b poloprezidentsk\u00e9 \u00fastavy. Jej\u00ed administrativn\u00ed mozaiku tvo\u0159\u00ed dvan\u00e1ct viloyatlar\u016f (region\u016f), jedna autonomn\u00ed republika \u2013 Karakalpakst\u00e1n \u2013 a nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 m\u011bsto Ta\u0161kent. Zat\u00edmco prvn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti byla v\u011bnov\u00e1na p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 kontrole ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, \u00famrt\u00ed zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho prezidenta Islama Karimova v roce 2016 zah\u00e1jilo reformy pod veden\u00edm \u0160avkata Mirzijojeva. Kroky sm\u011brem k transparentnosti soudnictv\u00ed, zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed cestovn\u00edch omezen\u00ed a obnoven\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce se sousedy zlep\u0161ily vztahy s Kyrgyzst\u00e1nem, T\u00e1d\u017eikist\u00e1nem a Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nem. Zpr\u00e1va OSN z roku 2020 ocenila pokrok sm\u011brem k c\u00edl\u016fm udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zdravotnictv\u00ed a ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Uzbekist\u00e1n se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 447 400 kilometrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a \u0159ad\u00ed se na 56. m\u00edsto co do rozlohy na sv\u011bt\u011b a na 40. m\u00edsto co do po\u010dtu obyvatel. Jeho ter\u00e9n se t\u00e1hne t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 425 kilometr\u016f ve sm\u011bru v\u00fdchod-z\u00e1pad a 930 kilometr\u016f ve sm\u011bru sever-jih. M\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e deset procent jeho \u00fazem\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edch \u00fadol\u00edch; zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed rozlehl\u00e1 pou\u0161\u0165 Kyzylkum na z\u00e1pad\u011b a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00ed\u017einy, prokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 horsk\u00fdmi h\u0159ebeny Gissaru, Nuratau a z\u00e1padn\u00edmi v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky \u0164an \u0160anu na v\u00fdchod\u011b. Aralsk\u00e9 jezero, kdysi pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed vnitrozemsk\u00e1 vodn\u00ed cesta, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zmizelo pod desetilet\u00edmi zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bavlny za sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry a zanechalo po sob\u011b jednu z nejhor\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch katastrof na planet\u011b. \u0158eky v Uzbekist\u00e1nu \u00fast\u00ed do uzav\u0159en\u00fdch p\u00e1nv\u00ed a nikdy nedosahuj\u00ed mo\u0159e, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nutnost hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou v such\u00e9m kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edm klimatu, kde se letn\u00ed maxima pohybuj\u00ed kolem 40 \u00b0C a zimn\u00ed minima mohou klesnout pod \u201320 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Pod povrchem se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed Uzbekist\u00e1n: Uzbekist\u00e1n s bohat\u00fdm nerostn\u00fdm bohatstv\u00edm. Produkce zlata p\u0159esahuje osmdes\u00e1t tun ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e zemi \u0159ad\u00ed na sedm\u00e9 m\u00edsto na sv\u011bt\u011b. Z\u00e1soby m\u011bdi a uranu se um\u00edstily na des\u00e1t\u00e9m a dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b, zat\u00edmco lo\u017eiska zemn\u00edho plynu \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e 190 lo\u017eisek uhlovod\u00edk\u016f \u2013 dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 a\u017e 70 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch. V posledn\u00edch letech se hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 politika p\u0159iklonila k tr\u017en\u00edm mechanism\u016fm: som se v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2017 stal pln\u011b sm\u011bniteln\u00fdm za tr\u017en\u00ed sazby a republika z\u00edskala v letech 2018 a\u017e 2021 od agentur S&P a Fitch rating BB\u2013. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee bavlna je st\u00e1le v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u00fdvozn\u00edm artiklem a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed dostatek elekt\u0159iny, Uzbekist\u00e1n usiluje o diverzifikaci obchodu, zlep\u0161en\u00ed infrastruktury a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho dluhu, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee HDP na obyvatele z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00edzk\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Populace zem\u011b je n\u00e1padn\u011b mlad\u00e1; t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrtina je mlad\u0161\u00ed \u0161estn\u00e1cti let. Etni\u010dt\u00ed Uzbekov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 84,5 procenta obyvatelstva, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e T\u00e1d\u017eikov\u00e9, Kaza\u0161i, Karakalpakov\u00e9, Rusov\u00e9 a Tata\u0159i tvo\u0159\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed komunity. Ru\u0161tina si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznam jako lingua franca obchodu a spr\u00e1vy v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch, zat\u00edmco t\u00e1d\u017ei\u010dtina p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v oblastech historick\u00e9ho persk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 identity, kter\u00e9 se n\u011bkdy p\u0159ekr\u00fdvaj\u00ed nebo rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed mezi uzbeckou a t\u00e1d\u017eickou sebeidentifikac\u00ed.<\/p>\n
M\u011bstsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu dominuje Ta\u0161kent, m\u011bsto, jeho\u017e modern\u00ed panorama skr\u00fdv\u00e1 vrstvy sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a starov\u011bk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Jeho syst\u00e9m metra \u2013 jeden ze dvou ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii \u2013 byl otev\u0159en v roce 1977 a je oslavov\u00e1n pro svou \u010distotu a zdoben\u00fd design stanic, jako je Kosmonavtlar, jeho\u017e kupolovit\u00e9 interi\u00e9ry p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy a m\u00edstn\u00edho kosmonauta Vladimira D\u017eanibekova. Nadzemn\u00ed tramvaje, autobusy a nespo\u010det tax\u00edk\u016f \u2013 registrovan\u00fdch i neform\u00e1ln\u00edch \u2013 se vine hust\u011b koridorovan\u00fdmi ulicemi. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed mont\u00e1\u017e automobil\u016f t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z partnerstv\u00ed s jihokorejsk\u00fdmi a japonsk\u00fdmi firmami, jeliko\u017e se UzDaewooAuto vyvinulo v GM Uzbekist\u00e1n a vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pod\u00edly podporuj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobu autobus\u016f a n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel vedle Isuzu.<\/p>\n
\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed sah\u00e1 od vysokorychlostn\u00edch vlak\u016f Talgo 250 spojuj\u00edc\u00edch Ta\u0161kent a Samarkand od roku 2011 a\u017e po pomalej\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed trat\u011b spojuj\u00edc\u00ed zapomenut\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017eovatky. Tak\u00e9 letectv\u00ed kdysi vzkv\u00e9talo v ta\u0161kentsk\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b \u010ckalov, \u00fato\u010di\u0161ti z druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 se rozrostlo ve v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 centrum. Dnes vyr\u00e1b\u00ed jen hrstku letadel ro\u010dn\u011b, ale je na cest\u011b k o\u017eiven\u00ed, proto\u017ee region\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vka znovu probouz\u00ed z\u00e1jem o jeho zastaral\u00e9 hang\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n
Uzbeck\u00e1 kultura propl\u00e9t\u00e1 tis\u00edcilet\u00ed architektonick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch m\u011bstech impozantn\u00ed hradby a darv\u00e1zy (br\u00e1ny) r\u00e1movaly \u0159ady obchod\u016f lemuj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fazk\u00e9 ulice. Kryt\u00e9 bazary \u2013 stavby tag a tim \u2013 usnad\u0148ovaly obchod s hedv\u00e1b\u00edm, ko\u0159en\u00edm a drahokamy pod klenut\u00fdmi kopulemi. V Bucha\u0159e rozlehl\u00e9 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed a st\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 maks\u00fara P\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed me\u0161ity ukazuj\u00ed f\u00fazi persk\u00e9ho a st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco komplexy madras v Samarkandu, Ta\u0161kentu a Bucha\u0159e vykazuj\u00ed symetrick\u00e1 n\u00e1dvo\u0159\u00ed or\u00e1movan\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00fdmi s\u00e1ly a celami, jejich\u017e kachlov\u00e9 port\u00e1ly lemuj\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee podobn\u00e9 minaretem. Mauzolea z doby Timurovc\u016f \u2013 z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd Gur-Emir a line\u00e1rn\u00ed \u0160\u00e1h-i Zinda \u2013 se ty\u010d\u00ed jako maj\u00e1ky z glazovan\u00fdch dla\u017edic a sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o dynastick\u00fdch ambic\u00edch a posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch vzpom\u00ednk\u00e1ch. Karavanser\u00e1je kdysi poskytovaly st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b obchodn\u00edk\u016fm, jejich siln\u00e9 zdi a rohov\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee se dochovaly jen v \u00falomc\u00edch ruin pod\u00e9l star\u00fdch tepen Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky.<\/p>\n
Uzbekist\u00e1n si uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rezervace, kter\u00e9 sahaj\u00ed daleko za historii. Ekologick\u00e9 centrum D\u017eejran chr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u0159edoasijskou gazelu na plo\u0161e 5 000 hektar\u016f pobl\u00ed\u017e Buchary. Geologick\u00e1 rezervace Kitab nab\u00edz\u00ed vhled do paleozoick\u00fdch formac\u00ed, zat\u00edmco rezervace Kyzylkum Tugai ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 lu\u017en\u00ed lesy topol\u016f a vrb pod\u00e9l Amudarji, kde se da\u0159\u00ed jelen\u016fm, \u0161akal\u016fm a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dv\u011bma st\u016fm druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f. Pl\u00e1ny na biosf\u00e9rickou rezervaci Nuratau-Kyzylkum slibuj\u00ed integrovanou ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d pou\u0161ti, horami a jezery, a chr\u00e1n\u00ed orly skaln\u00ed, ovce severcevsk\u00e9 a starobyl\u00e9 h\u00e1je vla\u0161sk\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f. V z\u00e1padn\u00edm Tian \u0160anu se v drsn\u00e9m ter\u00e9nu n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Ugam-\u010catkal vyskytuj\u00ed irbisi sn\u011b\u017en\u00ed, divoc\u00ed ovci tian\u0161an\u0161t\u00ed a svi\u0161ti \u010derven\u00ed, jeho\u017e zalesn\u011bn\u00e9 vlnky jsou poset\u00e9 o\u0159e\u0161\u00e1ky, jalovci a divok\u00fdmi ovocn\u00fdmi stromy.<\/p>\n
Kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed agr\u00e1rn\u00ed hojnost. Chl\u00e9b, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za posv\u00e1tn\u00fd, se objevuje u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho j\u00eddla; jeho p\u0159\u00edprava a konzumace m\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam a pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nesouhlas. \u010caj m\u00e1 podobnou kulturn\u00ed v\u00e1hu: hostitel\u00e9 t\u0159ikr\u00e1t nal\u00e9vaj\u00ed zelen\u00fd nebo \u010dern\u00fd \u010daj do samovaru a ze samovaru, co\u017e symbolizuje ochranu proti \u017e\u00edzni, teplo a pohostinnost. J\u00eddla se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na skopov\u00e9 maso a obil\u00ed: palov \u2013 r\u00fd\u017ee s mrkv\u00ed, cibul\u00ed a jehn\u011b\u010d\u00edm s\u00e1dlem \u2013 vzbuzuje hrdost, region\u00e1ln\u00ed variace hl\u00e1saj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed identitu. \u0160urpa, vydatn\u00e1 pol\u00e9vka; laghman a norin, nudlov\u00e9 pokrmy turkick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu; a pln\u011bn\u00e9 manti a somsa kapsy demonstruj\u00ed vrstven\u00e9 ko\u0159en\u00ed a techniku. Ajran, vychlazen\u00fd jogurtov\u00fd n\u00e1poj, zm\u00edr\u0148uje letn\u00ed horko. A\u010dkoli p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 isl\u00e1m, sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed r\u00e1mec umo\u017e\u0148uje licencovan\u00fd prodej v\u00edna, vodky a piva \u2013 uzbeck\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edky si z\u00edskaly mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco kumis, fermentovan\u00e9 kobyl\u00ed ml\u00e9ko, i nad\u00e1le spojuje nom\u00e1dsk\u00e9 tradice s m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi stoly.<\/p>\n
No\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivot v Ta\u0161kentu a dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech nab\u00edz\u00ed stolov\u00e1n\u00ed do pozdn\u00edch hodin, tane\u010dn\u00ed kluby a \u201echill-out\u201c restaurace vybaven\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi tapchany, kde si host\u00e9 odpo\u010dinou nad tal\u00ed\u0159i laghmanu a \u0161a\u0161lik. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm se doporu\u010duje, aby si po setm\u011bn\u00ed u sebe m\u011bli dostatek hotovosti, proto\u017ee ceny rostou a bankomaty jsou v n\u011bkter\u00fdch kruz\u00edch vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Respekt ke star\u0161\u00edm je z\u00e1kladem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce; v konverzaci se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00facta a bujar\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 projevy n\u00e1klonnosti nebo flirtov\u00e1n\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nevhodn\u00e9. Lev\u00e1 ruka z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vyhrazena pro soukrom\u00e9 \u00fakony, zat\u00edmco serv\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010daje nebo chleba vy\u017eaduje pravou.<\/p>\n
Bezpe\u010dnost v Uzbekist\u00e1nu je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1sluhou d\u016fsledn\u00e9 policejn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Zat\u00edmco m\u00edra obecn\u00e9 kriminality v m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech vzrostla, zejm\u00e9na majetkov\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, ozbrojen\u00e9 incidenty z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed mimo nestabiln\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00ed oblasti vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. Cestovatel\u00e9 by se m\u011bli vyh\u00fdbat oblastem pobl\u00ed\u017e afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch, t\u00e1d\u017eick\u00fdch a kyrgyzsk\u00fdch hranic, s v\u00fdjimkou ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch hrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echod\u016f, s ohledem na sporadick\u00e9 st\u0159ety a zbytkov\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161lapn\u00e9 miny. B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 podvody \u2013 jako nap\u0159\u00edklad podvod s \u201enalezen\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi\u201c \u2013 vzkv\u00e9taj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b ztracen\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bry; zdvo\u0159ilost a d\u016frazn\u00e9 odm\u00edtnut\u00ed obvykle posta\u010d\u00ed k odstra\u0161en\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch podvodn\u00edk\u016f. Policejn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b mohou po\u017eadovat dokumenty; obez\u0159etn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci nos\u00ed barevn\u00e9 kopie pas\u016f a v\u00edz a origin\u00e1ly ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do hotelov\u00fdch trezor\u016f. Zdvo\u0159ilost a klidn\u00fd dialog s policisty obvykle vedou k rychl\u00e9mu \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Uzbekist\u00e1n tak p\u0159edstavuje komplexn\u00ed portr\u00e9t: republiku formovanou imperi\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm, sov\u011btsk\u00fdm in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00edm a modern\u00edmi reformami; zemi pou\u0161tn\u00edch dun a zasn\u011b\u017een\u00fdch vrcholk\u016f; ru\u0161n\u00fdch bazar\u016f a tich\u00fdch mauzole\u00ed. Jeho ulice hu\u010d\u00ed rytmy ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota \u2013 p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed metra, hovory obchodn\u00edk\u016f, cink\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dajov\u00fdch \u0161\u00e1lk\u016f \u2013 zat\u00edmco klid horsk\u00fdch stezek a tugajsk\u00fdch les\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed odpo\u010dinek. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m oblouku a drobku chleba se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh a v ka\u017ed\u00e9m zrnku p\u00edsku p\u0159\u00edslib obnovy. Ti, kdo se sem vydaj\u00ed, naleznou krajinu p\u0159\u00edsnou i pru\u017enou, jej\u00ed\u017e minulost je neust\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomna pod rozlehlou st\u0159edoasijskou oblohou.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Uzbekist\u00e1n je dvojit\u011b vnitrozemsk\u00e1 zem\u011b ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 35 miliony obyvatel, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t v t\u00e9to oblasti. Jedine\u010dn\u00e1 geografie Uzbekist\u00e1nu \u2013 ohrani\u010den\u00e1 p\u011bti n\u00e1rody \u2013 byla z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jeho bohat\u00e9 historie, rozmanit\u00e9 kultury a slo\u017eit\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2905,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15445","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15445"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15445\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2905"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}