Jemen, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b Jemensk\u00e1 republika, zab\u00edr\u00e1 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed c\u00edp Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, jeho\u017e pevnina se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 455 503 kilometrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (175 871 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch) a m\u00e1 asi 2 000 kilometr\u016f (1 200 mil) pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Na severu hrani\u010d\u00ed se Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, na severov\u00fdchod\u011b s Om\u00e1nem, na v\u00fdchod\u011b s Arabsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em, na jihu s Adensk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem a na z\u00e1pad\u011b s Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em \u2013 v jeho\u017e vod\u00e1ch sd\u00edl\u00ed Jemen n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hranice s D\u017eibutskem, Eritreou a Som\u00e1lskem. San'\u00e1, \u00fastavn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto zem\u011b, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 2 100 metr\u016f, kde \u017eije p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 34,7 milionu obyvatel. Jeho \u010dlenstv\u00ed v Lize arabsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Organizaci spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, Hnut\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch a Organizaci isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dlouhou historii diplomatick\u00fdch vztah\u016f.<\/p>\n
Geograficky a klimaticky se Jemen d\u011bl\u00ed na \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed oblasti. Pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e le\u017e\u00ed Tihama: ploch\u00e1, parn\u00e1 rovina poset\u00e1 lagunami a obklopen\u00e1 dunami. A\u010dkoli hork\u00e9 minimum neumo\u017e\u0148uje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u0159ece dos\u00e1hnout mo\u0159e, podzemn\u00ed zvodn\u011bl\u00e9 vrstvy \u017eiv\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed ve vnitrozem\u00ed. Za n\u00ed se p\u00e1te\u0159 vyso\u010diny d\u011bl\u00ed na z\u00e1padn\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed plo\u0161iny. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vyso\u010dina p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu orografick\u00fdch sr\u00e1\u017eek, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e jsou terasovit\u00e9 farmy zelen\u00e9; jejich v\u00fdchodn\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ek, su\u0161\u0161\u00ed, se vyzna\u010duje \u0159id\u0161\u00edm obd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm p\u016fdy. Na v\u00fdchod\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Rub\u02bf al-Khali neboli Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 \u010dtvr\u0165 \u2013 rozloha pohybliv\u00fdch p\u00edsk\u016f v srdci Arabsk\u00e9ho poloostrova. Na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se jemensk\u00e1 suverenita rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 na n\u011bkolik ostrov\u016f Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e \u2013 Hani\u0161, Kamaran, Perim \u2013 a na souostrov\u00ed Sokotra, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee k Africe a jeho\u017e sope\u010dn\u00e9 vrcholy a endemick\u00e1 fl\u00f3ra prozrazuj\u00ed sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bnost s t\u00edmto kontinentem.<\/p>\n
Jemen se ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e sedm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce obchodu a kultury. V prvn\u00edm tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. ses\u00edlalo kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Saba karavany s kadidlem a myrhou a zakl\u00e1dalo kolonie za Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed Etiopie a Eritreje. Do roku 275 n. l. nahradila Sabu \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Himyarit\u016f, kde judaismus zanechal trval\u00e9 stopy v politick\u00e9m a spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed se uchytily k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 komunity; b\u011bhem t\u0159\u00ed stolet\u00ed dorazil isl\u00e1m a rychle se prosadil. Jemen\u0161t\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci slou\u017eili po boku Proroka a pozd\u011bji p\u0159i v\u00fdboj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily isl\u00e1m za hranice Ar\u00e1bie. B\u011bhem st\u0159edov\u011bku se vzn\u00e1\u0161ely a upadaly dynastie jako Rasulidov\u00e9 a Tahiridi, zat\u00edmco horsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta zakl\u00e1dala semin\u00e1\u0159e, kter\u00e9 z Jemenu ud\u011blaly centrum isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Mezi \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00fdm a dvac\u00e1t\u00fdm stolet\u00edm \u010delil Jemen zahrani\u010dn\u00edm vp\u00e1d\u016fm. Osmansk\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e si n\u00e1rokovala velkou \u010d\u00e1st severu; Britov\u00e9 se upevnili na jihu kolem Adenu. Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce im\u00e1m Jahja vyhl\u00e1sil nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 Jemensk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. V roce 1962 republik\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci sesadili monarchii a vytvo\u0159ili Jemenskou arabskou republiku neboli Severn\u00ed Jemen. O p\u011bt let pozd\u011bji se Aden a jeho z\u00e1zem\u00ed odtrhly a vznikla Jemensk\u00e1 lidov\u011b demokratick\u00e1 republika, jedin\u00fd proklamovan\u00fd socialistick\u00fd st\u00e1t arabsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Teprve v roce 1990 sever a jih znovu potvrdily jednotu jako Jemensk\u00e1 republika; jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed prezident, Al\u00ed \u200b\u200bAbdall\u00e1h S\u00e1lih, prezidentoval a\u017e do arabsk\u00e9ho jara v roce 2011, kter\u00e9 ho donutilo k rezignaci.<\/p>\n
Politick\u00e9 ot\u0159esy se rychle vr\u00e1tily. Masov\u00e9 protesty proti ekonomick\u00e9 stagnaci, rostouc\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti a navrhovan\u00fdm \u00fastavn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m se spojily proti zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9mu jemensk\u00e9mu veden\u00ed. Do roku 2015 zemi zachv\u00e1tila ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: hnut\u00ed H\u00fat\u00ed\u016f v San\u00e1 se postavilo mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b uznan\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, zat\u00edmco zahrani\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti zas\u00e1hly letecky, pozemn\u011b i po mo\u0159i. N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofa se \u0159ad\u00ed k nejhor\u0161\u00edm v tomto stolet\u00ed: do roku 2019 pot\u0159ebovalo pomoc p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24 milion\u016f Jemenc\u016f \u2013 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny populace \u2013 a ukazatele hladu, d\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nemoc\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed kritick\u00e9. Jemen se um\u00edstil na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch pozic\u00edch v lidsk\u00e9m rozvoji mimo Afriku a na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch pozic\u00edch v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edru, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee se jeho m\u00edrov\u00e1 ekonomika v d\u016fsledku blok\u00e1dy a konfliktu prakticky zhroutila.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto i uprost\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ekost\u00ed jemensk\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed stoj\u00ed nezdoln\u011b. Ve Star\u00e9m M\u011bst\u011b San'\u00e1, kter\u00e9 bylo v roce 1986 zaps\u00e1no na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO, se ty\u010d\u00ed v\u011b\u017eov\u00e9 domy z p\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel a kamene do v\u00fd\u0161ky \u0161esti, ba i sedmi pater, jejich\u017e fas\u00e1dy jsou zdobeny geometrick\u00fdmi s\u00e1drov\u00fdmi reli\u00e9fy. V ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch patrech se kdysi skladoval dobytek a s\u00fdpky; naho\u0159e se z p\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00ed m\u00edstnosti (mafraj) otev\u00edral v\u00fdhled na st\u0159echy. Severn\u011b le\u017e\u00ed \u0160ibam, \u201eManhattan pou\u0161t\u011b\u201c, jeho\u017e mrakodrapy z nep\u00e1len\u00fdch cihel ze 16. stolet\u00ed st\u00e1le st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1d\u00ed Hadhramaut. Je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le se v Zabidu zachovalo st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 univerzitn\u00ed m\u011bsto, jeho\u017e ark\u00e1dy oz\u00fdv\u00e1 stalet\u00ed vzd\u011blanosti. Ve v\u00e1d\u00ed Dahr stoj\u00ed Dar al-Had\u017ear, skaln\u00ed pal\u00e1c im\u00e1ma, jeho\u017e barevn\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 nadsv\u011btl\u00edky a zdoben\u00e9 \u0161tukat\u00e9rsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n
Souostrov\u00ed Sokotra, kter\u00e9 bylo v roce 2008 zaps\u00e1no na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed z\u00e1zraky, kter\u00e9 jinde nemaj\u00ed obdoby. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 37 procent z jeho 825 druh\u016f rostlin se nevyskytuje nikde jinde na Zemi; stejn\u011b tak 90 procent plaz\u016f a 95 procent hlem\u00fd\u017e\u010f\u016f. Slavn\u00fd strom Dra\u010d\u00ed krev (Dracaena cinnabari) je poset\u00fd v\u00e1pencov\u00fdmi plo\u0161inami, zat\u00edmco kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy se hem\u017e\u00ed 253 druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f a 730 druhy ryb. Izolace Sokotry podpo\u0159ila nejen biodiverzitu, ale tak\u00e9 specifick\u00fd jazyk a kulturu, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o vrstevnat\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed Jemenu.<\/p>\n
Administrativn\u011b se Jemen skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z jednadvaceti guvernor\u00e1t\u016f a obce Amanat al-\u02bfAsimah v okol\u00ed San\u00e1; reforma z roku 2013 pov\u00fd\u0161ila Sokotru na samostatn\u00fd guvernor\u00e1t. Pododd\u011blen\u00ed se kask\u00e1dovit\u011b rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 od 333 okres\u016f do v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 200 podoblast\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 38 300 vesnic. V roce 2014 \u00fastavn\u00ed pl\u00e1n navrhoval \u0161est feder\u00e1ln\u00edch region\u016f \u2013 \u010dty\u0159i severn\u00ed a dva ji\u017en\u00ed \u2013 a\u010dkoli ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka p\u0159eru\u0161ila jeho pln\u00e9 uz\u00e1kon\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska p\u0159ineslo sjednocen\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9 zisky: do roku 2013 dos\u00e1hl hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt Jemenu (parita kupn\u00ed s\u00edly) 61,63 miliardy USD s p\u0159\u00edjmem na obyvatele 2 500 USD. Slu\u017eby tvo\u0159ily v\u00edce ne\u017e 60 procent produkce, pr\u016fmysl 31 procent a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed necel\u00fdch 8 procent; ropa kdysi p\u0159isp\u00edvala \u010dtvrtinou HDP a 63 procenty p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Od obnoven\u00ed konfliktu se HDP sn\u00ed\u017eil o v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu, v\u00fdvoz se zastavil a infrastruktura se zhor\u0161ila. Jemen se i nad\u00e1le \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejchud\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta a jeho indexy lidsk\u00e9ho rozvoje se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed hluboko na nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Demograficky je Jemen mlad\u00fd. Z 4,3 milionu v roce 1950 se jeho populace do za\u010d\u00e1tku 2020. let zv\u00fd\u0161ila na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 33\u201335 milion\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina je mlad\u0161\u00ed patn\u00e1cti let a m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 3 procenta star\u0161\u00edch \u0161edes\u00e1ti p\u011bti let. Plodnost z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vysok\u00e1, zhruba 4,5 d\u00edt\u011bte na \u017eenu, s p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1r\u016fstem do poloviny stolet\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 milion\u016f. Arab\u0161tina je z\u00e1kladem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota: modern\u00ed standardn\u00ed arab\u0161tina slou\u017e\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1v\u011b v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch; jemensk\u00e1 arab\u0161tina se svou archaickou fonetikou a slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 lidov\u00fdm jazykem. Na Sokot\u0159e a ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Hadhramautu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed jihosemitsk\u00e9 jazyky \u2013 sokotrsk\u00fd, mehri a dal\u0161\u00ed. Angli\u010dtina se t\u011b\u0161\u00ed rostouc\u00ed oblib\u011b, zejm\u00e9na v b\u00fdval\u00fdch britsk\u00fdch z\u00f3n\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Isl\u00e1m sjednocuje Jemence, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zajd\u00edj\u0161t\u00ed \u0161\u00edit\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 45 procent a sunnit\u0161t\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u0161afijsk\u00e9 \u0161koly, asi 53 procent; men\u0161\u00ed komunity ism\u00e1'\u00edl\u016f a dvan\u00e1cti\u010dlenn\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00ed dopl\u0148uj\u00ed celou \u0161k\u00e1lu. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed denn\u00ed rytmus: n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy me\u0161it za \u00fasvitu, v poledne, odpoledne, p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce a ve\u010der zdob\u00ed tr\u017ei\u0161t\u011b i horsk\u00e9 vesnice.<\/p>\n
N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Jemenu vy\u017eaduje trp\u011blivost a bd\u011blost. Kv\u016fli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm obav\u00e1m lety kol\u00edsaj\u00ed; od poloviny roku 2024 maj\u00ed omezen\u00e9 spojen\u00ed z Amm\u00e1nu, K\u00e1hiry, Rij\u00e1du a Bombaje pouze leti\u0161t\u011b San\u00e1, Aden a Saj'un. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u017eeleznice. Vstup po sou\u0161i p\u0159es Om\u00e1n je st\u00e1le mo\u017en\u00fd, a\u010dkoli pro mezim\u011bstsk\u00e9 cestov\u00e1n\u00ed po silnici jsou povinn\u00e1 povolen\u00ed (tasriih) od turistick\u00e9 policie; sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9 hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159echody kladou p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadavky. Autobusy \u2013 klimatizovan\u00e9, i kdy\u017e n\u011bkdy star\u00e9 \u2013 spojuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsta, a\u010dkoli soukrom\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed si \u010dasto pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed vozidla s pohonem v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 kol s m\u00edstn\u00edmi pr\u016fvodci. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed trajekty z D\u017eibutska pluj\u00ed p\u0159es Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a neboj\u00e1cn\u00ed du\u0161e se st\u00e1le mohou nalodit na n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozy na cement sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed na Sokotru.<\/p>\n
Ve m\u011bstech jezd\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00e9 taxi \u2013 m\u00edstn\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201ebijou\u201c nebo minibusy odvozen\u00e9 od Peugeotu \u2013 na principu \u201enapl\u0148 a je\u010f\u201c a pojmou a\u017e dev\u011bt cestuj\u00edc\u00edch; pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pohodl\u00ed je st\u00e1le obvykl\u00e9 vyjednat dv\u011b sedadla vp\u0159edu nebo cel\u00e9 \u0159ady. Pro nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 cestuj\u00edc\u00ed v klidn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech nab\u00edzej\u00ed vnitrom\u011bstsk\u00e9 autobusy levnou a p\u0159\u00edjemnou dopravu. K zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pr\u016fchod\u016f na voln\u00e9 silnice posta\u010d\u00ed kopie povolen\u00ed, cestovn\u00ed pas a itiner\u00e1\u0159, i kdy\u017e vojensk\u00e9 kontroln\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b mohou st\u00e1le vy\u017eadovat v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9 potvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Navzdory logistick\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed atrakce Jemenu. V Sa'\u00e1, labyrintu \u00fazk\u00fdch uli\u010dek, m\u0159\u00ed\u017ekovan\u00fdch oken z \u010derven\u00e9ho d\u0159eva a v\u016fn\u011b k\u00e1vy s kardamomem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed stalet\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Kawkaban, ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 3 000 metr\u016f, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 himyaritesk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy a Davidovy hv\u011bzdy ze starov\u011bk\u00fdch \u017eidovsk\u00fdch komunit. Sa'dahsk\u00e9 hradby z hlin\u011bn\u00fdch cihel chr\u00e1n\u00ed vinice s hrozny a palem, jejich\u017e plody u\u017eivuj\u00ed horsk\u00e9 vesnice. Al Mahwit korunuje hory farmami zahalen\u00fdmi v oblac\u00edch; Bura' ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 lesy \u017eiven\u00e9 monzuny, jak\u00e9 se na poloostrov\u011b nepodobaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9. Vzne\u0161en\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed Manakhah je dokladem st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed na vrcholc\u00edch kopc\u016f; starobyl\u00e1 p\u0159ehrada Ma'rib, kdysi v legend\u011b p\u0159ipisovan\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovn\u011b ze S\u00e1by, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00fdch mis\u00edch, kter\u00e9 zavla\u017eovaly rozlehl\u00e1 pole. V Ibbu, \u201eZelen\u00e9m srdci\u201c, proudy ro\u010dn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek nap\u00e1jej\u00ed \u00fadol\u00ed k\u00e1vou a medem; nedalek\u00e1 D\u017eibla se py\u0161n\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00fdmi kamenn\u00fdmi domy. Al Khawkhah nab\u00edz\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e ve st\u00ednu palem, zat\u00edmco Ta'izz, kulturn\u00ed centrum republiky, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pod terasovit\u00fdmi svahy D\u017eabal Sabir. Tarim a Say'un v Hadhramautu odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed eleganci Hadhrami v cihlov\u00fdch pal\u00e1c\u00edch a me\u0161it\u00e1ch. Al Mukalla se t\u00e1hne k Arabsk\u00e9mu mo\u0159i s modernitou, ale jeho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ustupuje nedot\u010den\u00fdm p\u00edsk\u016fm Bir Ali. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Hauf, poz\u016fstatek vlivu monzun\u016f, udr\u017euje ohniska de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa a divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e sd\u00edlen\u00e9 s om\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi sousedy.<\/p>\n
Pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy vy\u017eaduj\u00ed diskr\u00e9tn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Politick\u00e1 t\u00e9mata \u2013 zejm\u00e9na n\u00e1zory na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nebo Izrael \u2013 mohou vyvolat neklid. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed si \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 \u00factu: me\u0161ity vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pravidla obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed a b\u011bhem ramad\u00e1nu jsou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti k ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu stravov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo kou\u0159en\u00ed ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00e9. Fotoapar\u00e1ty vy\u017eaduj\u00ed povolen\u00ed; portr\u00e9ty \u017een nebo bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mohou vyvolat nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Charitativn\u00ed impulsy nach\u00e1zej\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch charitativn\u00edch organizac\u00ed ne\u017e improvizovan\u00fdch d\u00e1rk\u016f d\u011btem, kter\u00e9 mohou podporovat z\u00e1vislost. Smlouv\u00e1n\u00ed je j\u00e1drem obchodu; pevn\u00e9 ceny pro cizince jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm zvyku.<\/p>\n
Jemen tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zem\u00ed kontrast\u016f: kol\u00e9bkou civilizace, jej\u00ed\u017e architektura a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed divy vzdoruj\u00ed ni\u010div\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm konflikt\u016f; m\u00edstem, kde pohostinnost p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 uprost\u0159ed \u00fatrap a kde ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u00fadol\u00ed a vesnice nese vrstvy historie. Pochopit Jemen znamen\u00e1 uznat jeho utrpen\u00ed i kr\u00e1su stejnou m\u011brou, respektovat jeho tradice a jeho obyvatele a uznat, \u017ee \u2013 i v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch \u2013 jemensk\u00fd odkaz utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed minulost i p\u0159\u00edsliby \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho arabsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jemen, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, m\u00e1 v roce 2024 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40,8 milionu obyvatel, co\u017e jej \u0159ad\u00ed na 37. m\u00edsto s nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi obyvateli na sv\u011bt\u011b. Strategicky pokr\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 528 000 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch v ji\u017en\u00ed Ar\u00e1bii, tento n\u00e1rod m\u00e1 hranice na severu od Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie a na severov\u00fdchod\u011b od Om\u00e1nu. Jemensk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 2000 kilometr\u016f se t\u00e1hne od Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu na jih k Rud\u00e9mu mo\u0159i na z\u00e1pad\u011b. Tato geografick\u00e1 orientace se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v Africk\u00e9m rohu a tvo\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed hranice mezi Eritreou, D\u017eibutskem a Som\u00e1lskem.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3216,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15430","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15430"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15430\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}