\u00c1gra se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na rozlehl\u00e9, rovinat\u00e9 rovin\u011b na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Jamuny v indick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Uttarprad\u00e9\u0161. M\u011bsto se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 230 km jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Dill\u00ed a 330 km z\u00e1padn\u011b od Lakhna\u00fa a le\u017e\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 170 m. Jeho populace, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,6 milionu, je \u010dtvrt\u00e1 v Uttarprad\u00e9\u0161i a dvac\u00e1t\u00e1 t\u0159et\u00ed v zemi. \u00dazem\u00ed Agry p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do Indogangetsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy s bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi kopci, kter\u00e9 vyzna\u010duj\u00ed odno\u017ee Vindhjy a p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny kolem Fatehpur Sikri. Region je zavla\u017eov\u00e1n p\u0159es Jamunu, \u010cambal a \u00c1gr\u00e1sk\u00fd kan\u00e1l, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed prosa, je\u010dmene, p\u0161enice a bavlny b\u011bhem sez\u00f3n Rabi i Kharif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zaznamenan\u00e1 historie m\u011bsta za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku, ale jeho v\u00fdznam vzrostl za sult\u00e1na Sikandara Lodiho, kter\u00fd v roce 1506 prohl\u00e1sil Agru za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Dill\u00edsk\u00e9ho sultan\u00e1tu. Jeho n\u00e1stupce Ibrahim Lodi padl v roce 1526 u Panipatu p\u0159ed B\u00e1burem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zah\u00e1jil vl\u00e1du Mughal\u016f. S v\u00fdjimkou let 1540\u20131556 \u2013 kdy se kr\u00e1tce ujal moci \u0160\u00e9r \u0160\u00e1h S\u00fari a pot\u00e9 hinduistick\u00fd gener\u00e1l Hemu \u2013 si Mughalsk\u00e1 dynastie udr\u017eovala Agru jako sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed centrum a\u017e do roku 1658, kdy se \u0160\u00e1hd\u017eah\u00e1n rozhodl p\u0159esunout hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto do \u0160\u00e1hd\u017eah\u00e1n\u00e1b\u00e1du.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Akbar, B\u00e1bur\u016fv vnuk, zrekonstruoval st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00ed a zalo\u017eil Fatehpur Sikri, osmdes\u00e1t ulic z \u010derven\u00e9ho p\u00edskovce, kter\u00e9 byly postaveny jako jeho dv\u016fr a rezidence. Agru kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ejmenoval na \u201eAkbarabad\u201c. Jeho pravnuk \u0160\u00e1hd\u017eah\u00e1n nechal v letech 1632 a\u017e 1648 postavit T\u00e1d\u017e Mahal jako hrobku pro svou \u017eenu Mumt\u00e1z Mahal; jeho b\u00edl\u00fd mramor a intarzovan\u00e1 pietra dura jsou p\u0159\u00edkladem synt\u00e9zy persko-isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch a indick\u00fdch motiv\u016f. Mauzoleum se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm b\u0159ehu \u0159eky Jamuny, asi 1,6 km od pevnosti v Ag\u0159e, kterou Akbar zah\u00e1jil stavbu v roce 1565 a roz\u0161i\u0159ovali ji n\u00e1sledn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159i. Hradby pevnosti z \u010derven\u00e9ho p\u00edskovce se t\u00e1hnou zhruba 2,5 km, jsou obklopeny p\u0159\u00edkopem a p\u0159eru\u0161ov\u00e1ny Dill\u00edskou br\u00e1nou na z\u00e1pad\u011b a br\u00e1nou Amara Singha na jihu. Uvnit\u0159 tvo\u0159\u00ed mramorov\u00e9 pal\u00e1ce, me\u0161ity a administrativn\u00ed komnaty samostatn\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Fatehpur Sikri, nyn\u00ed opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd, le\u017e\u00ed asi 40 km jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b a jeho p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed kr\u00e1tkou nadvl\u00e1du m\u011bsta za Akbara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dapadek Mughalsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry na konci osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed vedl k tomu, \u017ee Agra nejprve p\u0159e\u0161la do rukou Mar\u00e1th\u016f a pot\u00e9 do rukou V\u00fdchodoindick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Pod britskou spr\u00e1vou z\u016fstala Agra vojensk\u00fdm a administrativn\u00edm centrem, ale ztratila svou d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed presti\u017e. Po indick\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislosti v roce 1947 se Agra vyvinula v pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 m\u011bsto. D\u00edlny na ko\u017eed\u011bln\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, v\u00fdrobci obuvi a sl\u00e9v\u00e1rny \u017eeleza se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily po cel\u00e9m j\u00e1dru m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti. Drobn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159es 7 000 jednotek, kter\u00e9 denn\u011b vyrob\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 150 000 p\u00e1r\u016f bot. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 \u0159emesla p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v podob\u011b pietra dura, mramorov\u00fdch intarzi\u00ed, koberc\u016f a v\u00fd\u0161ivek zari. Cestovn\u00ed ruch poh\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed sektor ekonomiky: v roce 2019 nav\u0161t\u00edvilo pam\u00e1tky Agry p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 9,5 milionu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e samotn\u00fd T\u00e1d\u017e Mahal v tomto roce p\u0159il\u00e1kal t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 6,9 milionu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dadaje ze s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2011 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee m\u011bsto m\u011blo 1 585 704 obyvatel a metropolitn\u00ed oblast 1 760 285 obyvatel. Pom\u011br pohlav\u00ed je 875 \u017een na 1 000 mu\u017e\u016f; gramotnost je v pr\u016fm\u011bru 73,11 procenta (77,81 procenta u mu\u017e\u016f, 67,74 procenta u \u017een). Hinduismus tvo\u0159\u00ed 80,68 procenta obyvatel, isl\u00e1m 15,37 procenta, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd d\u017einismem (1,04 procenta), sikhismem (0,62 procenta), k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm (0,42 procenta) a buddhismem (0,19 procenta); 1,66 procenta se nehl\u00e1s\u00ed k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00ed\u0159e. Z jazykov\u00e9ho hlediska hovo\u0159\u00ed 94,80 procenta hindsky, 2,34 procenta braj bha\u0161ou a 1,86 procenta urdsky jako sv\u00fdm mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem. Braj kultura p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v kuchyni Agry, kter\u00e1 se podob\u00e1 kuchyni Mathury a Vrindavanu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mezi m\u00edstn\u00ed pokrmy pat\u0159\u00ed petha, sladkost z jasanov\u00e9 tykve v mnoha podob\u00e1ch; dalmoth, ko\u0159en\u011bn\u00e1 \u010do\u010dkov\u00e1 pochoutka posypan\u00e1 o\u0159echy a rozinkami; a bedai, sma\u017een\u00e9 kachori pln\u011bn\u00e9 pikantn\u00edmi bramborami, pod\u00e1van\u00e9 s aloo bhaji a tvarohem. Pouli\u010dn\u00ed j\u00eddlo zahrnuje chaat \u2013 dahi bhalla, raj kachori, samosy a gol gappa \u2013 spolu s pln\u011bn\u00fdmi parathami dopln\u011bn\u00fdmi \u010datn\u00ed a okurkou. Mezi muslimy se v j\u00eddeln\u00edch l\u00edstkech \u010dasto objevuje i nevegetari\u00e1nsk\u00e1 j\u00eddla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Klima spad\u00e1 do kategorie tropick\u00fdch a subtropick\u00fdch step\u00ed (K\u00f6ppenova stepn\u00ed klima). Zimy jsou m\u00edrn\u00e9; l\u00e9ta trvaj\u00ed od dubna do \u010dervna, jsou hork\u00e1 a such\u00e1, p\u0159eru\u0161ovan\u00e1 proudem Loo, such\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00edm v\u011btrem schopn\u00fdm zv\u00fd\u0161it teploty do smrteln\u00fdch extr\u00e9m\u016f. Dne 28. kv\u011btna 2024 dos\u00e1hla \u00c1gra 48,6 \u00b0C, co\u017e je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 teplota. Monzun obvykle za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervence a trv\u00e1 do poloviny z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, s m\u00e9n\u011b vydatn\u00fdmi sr\u00e1\u017ekami ne\u017e ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Indii. Do poloviny \u0159\u00edjna jsou podm\u00ednky m\u00edrn\u00e9. V zim\u011b hust\u00e1 mlha \u2013 produkt slab\u00e9ho v\u011btru, n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot, vlhkosti a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 \u010dasto naru\u0161uje \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu. Kvalita ovzdu\u0161\u00ed se \u0159ad\u00ed k nejhor\u0161\u00edm v Indii; studie Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (2010\u20132016) za\u0159adila \u00c1gru na osm\u00e9 m\u00edsto s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Infrastruktura spojuje Agru s velk\u00fdmi m\u011bsty po silnici, \u017eeleznici a letecky. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed d\u00e1lnice NH 19 a NH 21 spojuj\u00ed Dill\u00ed a D\u017eajpur; d\u00e1lnice Yamuna \u2013 \u0161estiproud\u00e1 trasa s kontrolovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem o d\u00e9lce 165 km \u2013 zkracuje cestu z Dill\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b hodiny. D\u00e1lnice Agra-Lucknow m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 302 km a m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 \u0161est pruh\u016f. NH 509 se napojuje na Moradabad p\u0159es Aligarh; NH 44 zaji\u0161\u0165uje trasu do Gwalioru; autobusy \u2013 s hlavn\u00edmi uzly v depech ISBT, Idgah, Taj a Fort \u2013 obsluhuj\u00ed severn\u00ed st\u00e1ty. Ve m\u011bst\u011b jezd\u00ed na Mahatma Gandhi Marg, hlavn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed tepn\u011b, auto-rik\u0161i a elektrick\u00e9 rik\u0161i. Leti\u0161t\u011b Agra v Kherii, kter\u00e9 je pod kontrolou indick\u00e9ho letectva, odbavuje lety do Bombaje, Ahmad\u00e1b\u00e1du, Bh\u00f3p\u00e1lu a Bengal\u00faru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sedm \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch stanic \u2013 Agra Cantonment, Raja-Ki-Mandi, Agra Fort, Idgah, Agra City, Jamuna Bridge a Billochpura \u2013 spad\u00e1 pod North Central Railway. Slu\u017eby zahrnuj\u00ed po\u0161tovn\u00ed a expresn\u00ed vlaky, superrychl\u00e9 spoje Rajdhani a Shatabdi a Gatimaan Express, kter\u00fd zvl\u00e1dne trasu Agra-Dill\u00ed za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 minut. Luxusn\u00ed Maharajas' Express spojuje Agru s dal\u0161\u00edmi historick\u00fdmi destinacemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bstsk\u00e1 doprava nyn\u00ed zahrnuje metro v Agra, jeho\u017e prioritn\u00ed koridor byl otev\u0159en 6. b\u0159ezna 2024. Tento 6 km dlouh\u00fd \u00fasek mezi Taj East Gate a Jama Masjid zahrnuje t\u0159i vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 stanice \u2013 Taj East Gate, Basai a Fatehabad Road \u2013 a t\u0159i stanice metra u Taj Mahalu, pevnosti Agra a Jama Masjid. F\u00e1ze 1 pokra\u010duje ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b se dv\u011bma linkami: \u017elutou linkou (14,25 km, \u0161est stanic vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch, sedm podzemn\u00edch), kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt dokon\u010dena v roce 2026, a modrou linkou (15,40 km, pln\u011b vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1, 15 stanic), jej\u00ed\u017e dokon\u010den\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 do prosince 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekonomika Agry vyk\u00e1zala hrub\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed produkt p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 210 milion\u016f rupi\u00ed (2018\u20132019), co\u017e ji \u0159ad\u00ed na t\u0159et\u00ed m\u00edsto v Uttarprad\u00e9\u0161i. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed \u017eiv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 procent populace, zat\u00edmco zbytek se v\u011bnuje v\u00fdrob\u011b a cestovn\u00edmu ruchu. Identitu m\u011bsta tvo\u0159\u00ed pam\u00e1tky \u2013 z nich\u017e t\u0159i jsou zaps\u00e1ny na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. T\u00e1d\u017e Mahal, zapsan\u00fd v roce 1983, kombinuje persk\u00e9, isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 a indick\u00e9 \u0159emesln\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed v designu, kter\u00fd integruje br\u00e1nu, zahrady, me\u0161itu, hrad a mauzoleum na plo\u0161e \u010dty\u0159iceti dvou akr\u016f. Pevnost Agra, d\u0159\u00edve schv\u00e1len\u00e1 v roce 1565, a Fatehpur Sikri, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto v roce 1585, spole\u010dn\u011b objas\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli Agry b\u011bhem mughalsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 Agra je t\u00edmto odkazem definov\u00e1na, jej\u00ed ulice a bazary jsou propleteny stalet\u00edmi um\u011bn\u00ed a podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Agra, m\u011bsto pono\u0159en\u00e9 do historick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu a kulturn\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed, zdob\u00ed b\u0159ehy \u0159eky Jamuna v severoindick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Uttarprad\u00e9\u0161. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se asi 230 kilometr\u016f jihov\u00fdchodn\u011b od New Delhi, n\u00e1rodn\u00edho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta, a 330 kilometr\u016f z\u00e1padn\u011b od Lucknow, hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta st\u00e1tu, Agra se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed polohou v centru Indie. Agra je domovem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,6 milionu obyvatel a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se prominentn\u00edm m\u011bstsk\u00fdm centrem v Uttarprad\u00e9\u0161i a \u0159ad\u00ed se mezi \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto ve st\u00e1t\u011b a dvac\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00ed v cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4979,"parent":15052,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15140","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15140"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15140\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/15052"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4979"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}