Nozawaonsen, zasazen\u00fd v severov\u00fdchodn\u00edch hor\u00e1ch prefektury Nagano, zab\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 58 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch rozmanit\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu. K 1. dubnu 2019 \u017eilo ve vesnici 3 653 obyvatel v 1 395 dom\u00e1cnostech, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje hustotu os\u00eddlen\u00ed 63 obyvatel na kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed. Tato \u010d\u00edsla odhaluj\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 tempo \u017eivota, kde nad hustou z\u00e1stavbou p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 prostor pro lesy, r\u00fd\u017eov\u00e9 terasy a klikat\u00e9 uli\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nozawaonsen, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed zhruba hodinu j\u00edzdy od m\u011bsta Nagano, le\u017e\u00ed mezi vrcholy hory Kena\u0161i, kter\u00e9 se ty\u010d\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky 1 650 metr\u016f, a \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fadol\u00edmi klesaj\u00edc\u00edmi do v\u00fd\u0161ky asi 300 metr\u016f nad mo\u0159em. Na jihu r\u00e1muje obzor h\u0159eben Kena\u0161i, zat\u00edmco \u0159eka \u010cikuma \u2013 nejdel\u0161\u00ed \u0159eka Japonska \u2013 raz\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranici. Za touto vodn\u00ed cestou le\u017e\u00ed m\u011bsto Iijama, jeho\u017e m\u011bstsk\u00e9 obrysy jsou viditeln\u00e9 pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e se v \u00fadol\u00ed vy\u010dist\u00ed vzduch. Na severu a v\u00fdchod\u011b se vesnice setk\u00e1v\u00e1 se Sakae, dal\u0161\u00ed komunitou formovanou strm\u00fdmi svahy a hlubok\u00fdm zimn\u00edm sn\u011bhem. V r\u00e1mci t\u011bchto hranic se objevuj\u00ed mikroklimata, kter\u00e1 zm\u00edr\u0148uj\u00ed letn\u00ed teplo odpoledn\u00edm v\u00e1nkem a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed siln\u00e9 sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed od prosince do dubna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Klima Nozawaonsenu je vlhk\u00e9 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed (K\u00f6ppenova klasifikace Dfa), vyzna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed se letn\u00ed vlhkost\u00ed a chladn\u00fdmi zimn\u00edmi m\u011bs\u00edci. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed teploty se pohybuj\u00ed kolem 10,4 \u00b0C, v srpnu vystoupaj\u00ed na zhruba 23,3 \u00b0C a v lednu klesaj\u00ed na -1,6 \u00b0C. Ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 1 782 milimetr\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e leden je obvykle nejde\u0161tiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edcem a sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed slavn\u00fd b\u00edl\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vesnice. Tento soub\u011bh nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky a sr\u00e1\u017eek podporuje jak p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee v \u00fadol\u00edch, tak rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 lesy ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poloze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u016fkazy o lidsk\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed v Nozawaonsenu sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do jeho p\u016fvodn\u00edho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9 provincii \u0160inano. Texty z obdob\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00ed Kamakura zmi\u0148uj\u00ed osadu zvanou Jujama, doslova \u201ehorsk\u00e1 vesnice s hork\u00fdmi prameny\u201c, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed baz\u00e9ny, kter\u00e9 definuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed \u017eivot. Legenda p\u0159ipisuje mnichovi z 8. stolet\u00ed Gy\u014bkimu, kter\u00fd jako prvn\u00ed tyto prameny objevil, co\u017e jim dod\u00e1v\u00e1 jemnou auru svatosti. Do roku 1870 24 hostinc\u016f obsluhovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 25 000 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hledali l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9 koupele, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o dlouholet\u00e9 pov\u011bsti t\u011bchto miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Administrativn\u011b se modern\u00ed vesnice vyv\u00edjela \u0159adou f\u00faz\u00ed a reklasifikac\u00ed. V dubnu 1889 se Tojosato dostalo do nov\u00e9ho japonsk\u00e9ho obecn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. O t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji se slou\u010dilo s Takanem a vytvo\u0159ilo Zuih\u00f3, jen aby se \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to vesnice v roce 1954 p\u0159ipojila k Iiyam\u011b. Zbytek, reorganizovan\u00fd 1. dubna 1955, p\u0159ijal n\u00e1zev Nozawaonsen, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se administrativn\u00ed identita spojila s hork\u00fdmi prameny, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed kulturu a ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a cestovn\u00ed ruch tvo\u0159\u00ed dva pil\u00ed\u0159e ob\u017eivy Nozawaonsenu. Strm\u00e1 pole se t\u00e1hnou ke svah\u016fm, kde se pod pe\u010dlivou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed da\u0159\u00ed horsk\u00e9 r\u00fd\u017ei, zelenin\u011b a sobi. Mezit\u00edm sez\u00f3nn\u00ed cestovn\u00ed ruch ka\u017edou zimu prudce vzr\u016fst\u00e1 d\u00edky jednomu z nejstar\u0161\u00edch ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fdch st\u0159edisek v Japonsku. Ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00fd are\u00e1l, otev\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 lety, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 297 hektarech sjezdovek za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1650 metr\u016f a klesaj\u00edc\u00edch lesy pln\u00fdmi pra\u0161anu. V\u00edce ne\u017e pades\u00e1t kilometr\u016f upravovan\u00fdch sjezdovek sah\u00e1 od m\u00edrn\u00fdch svah\u016f pro za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edky a\u017e po n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 sjezdovky. Ly\u017ea\u0159e nahoru vyveze dvacet t\u0159i seda\u010dkov\u00fdch lanovek a dv\u011b gondoly a nejdel\u0161\u00ed sjezd se t\u00e1hne deset kilometr\u016f a nab\u00edz\u00ed pohledy na Japonsk\u00e9 Alpy a za jasn\u00fdch dn\u016f i na Japonsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 mo\u017enosti mimo sjezdovky l\u00e1kaj\u00ed zku\u0161en\u00e9 ly\u017ea\u0159e do hlub\u0161\u00edch sn\u011bhov\u00fdch pol\u00ed, a\u010dkoli vesnice doporu\u010duje najmout si m\u00edstn\u00edho pr\u016fvodce. Snowboardist\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed kontrolovan\u00e9 vzru\u0161en\u00ed, nab\u00edz\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00ed park skoky, raily a osmdes\u00e1timetrovou skluzavku. Ve m\u011bst\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Nozawa Onsen Arena, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1993, kter\u00e1 kombinuje kluzi\u0161t\u011b se saunou a sol\u00e1riem. Komunitn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed centrum, d\u0159\u00edve zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Kurhaus, nab\u00edz\u00ed parn\u00ed boxy a venkovn\u00ed l\u00e1zn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hlavn\u00edm l\u00e1kadlem vesnice v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jej\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 hork\u00fdch pramen\u016f. T\u0159icet jednotliv\u00fdch miner\u00e1ln\u00edch zdroj\u016f z\u00e1sobuje t\u0159in\u00e1ct ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch l\u00e1zn\u00ed neboli rjokan\u016f; ka\u017ed\u00e1 n\u00e1dr\u017e nab\u00edz\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 miner\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed, teploty a ritu\u00e1ly. Bezplatn\u00e9 hospody \u2013 mezi nimi O-yu, Matsuba No-yu, Taki No-yu a deset dal\u0161\u00edch \u2013 stoj\u00ed vedle placen\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je Furusato Onsen a rodinn\u00e9 Sparena. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci \u010dasto proch\u00e1zej\u00ed \u00fazk\u00fdmi dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdmi uli\u010dkami, aby si b\u011bhem jedin\u00e9ho dne vyzkou\u0161eli n\u011bkolik koupel\u00ed, a oce\u0148uj\u00ed, jak voda ka\u017ed\u00e9ho baz\u00e9nu s v\u016fn\u00ed \u017eeleza nebo s\u00edry evokuje jemn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 pocity a \u00fadajn\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1 v osmn\u00e1cti ozna\u010den\u00fdch pokladech Nozawaonsenu. Jeden nehmotn\u00fd poklad, Festival ohn\u011b, je na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni uzn\u00e1n jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nehmotn\u00fd lidov\u00fd kulturn\u00ed statek. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch sedmn\u00e1ct, v\u010detn\u011b 300 let star\u00e9ho cedru u vesnick\u00e9 svatyn\u011b, nese m\u00edstn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Festival ohn\u011b, kter\u00fd se kon\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b 15. ledna, je spole\u010dn\u00fdm ritu\u00e1lem i pod\u00edvanou. Mu\u017ei ve v\u011bku \u010dty\u0159icet, \u010dty\u0159icet jedna a \u010dty\u0159icet dva let \u2013 v\u011bk, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u00edce pot\u0159ebuj\u00edc\u00ed duchovn\u00ed o\u010distu \u2013 a ti ve v\u011bku dvacet p\u011bt let se shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed, aby postavili t\u0159\u00edpatrovou d\u0159ev\u011bnou svatyni zvanou \u0161adan. Svatyn\u011b, postaven\u00e1 ti\u0161e a bez kovov\u00fdch spojovac\u00edch prvk\u016f, se ty\u010d\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky deset metr\u016f a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky osm metr\u016f. \u0160adan doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed totemy, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako hatsuakarikago, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed rodiny, jejich\u017e synov\u00e9 se narodili v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce; tyto ty\u010de jsou dev\u011bt a\u017e deset metr\u016f vysok\u00e9 a ozdoben\u00e9 zvonkohrami, pap\u00edrov\u00fdmi talismany a rodinn\u00fdmi erby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
13. ledna mist\u0159i tesa\u0159i vedou jakudo\u0161i p\u0159i tah\u00e1n\u00ed dvacetimetrov\u00e9ho kmene japonsk\u00e9ho buku dol\u016f z ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska Hikage. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den se na vesnick\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed zdob\u00ed \u0161adan. Patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho v 19 hodin se pomoc\u00ed k\u0159esadla p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9ho z generace na generaci zap\u00e1l\u00ed prvn\u00ed pochode\u0148. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci zp\u00edvaj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, nal\u00e9vaj\u00ed sak\u00e9 pro p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed a tvo\u0159\u00ed pochod\u0148ov\u00fd pr\u016fvod na pozemek. Tam je stavba obl\u00e9h\u00e1na mu\u017ei s pochodn\u011bmi; mlad\u0161\u00ed vesni\u010dan\u00e9 se pokou\u0161ej\u00ed zap\u00e1lit z\u00e1kladnu svatyn\u011b, chr\u00e1n\u011bni p\u011btadvacetilet\u00fdmi, zat\u00edmco na vrcholu jedou dvaa\u010dty\u0159icetilet\u00ed, co\u017e symbolizuje pr\u016fnik ml\u00e1d\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00edho v\u011bku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po jedn\u00e9 a p\u016fl a\u017e dvou hodin\u00e1ch se svatyn\u011b zhrout\u00ed v plamenech a z\u00e1\u0159e ohn\u011b osv\u011btl\u00ed hlubokou lednovou noc. Organiz\u00e1to\u0159i db\u00e1j\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed: str\u00e1\u017eci dohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed na p\u011btadvacetilet\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 a ti, kte\u0159\u00ed se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed zved\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch b\u0159emen, se zdr\u017euj\u00ed alkoholu. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci \u010dasto dos\u00e1hnou maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacity a ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed se vyprod\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159edem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vesnici zdob\u00ed sochy d\u00f3s\u00f3d\u017ein\u016f \u2013 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0159ezby mu\u017esk\u00e9ho a \u017eensk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva. Tyto figurky, namalovan\u00e9 a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 u dve\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed skromn\u00e9 \u200b\u200bnad\u011bje man\u017eelstv\u00ed: dva jednotlivce skromn\u00e9ho vzhledu, kte\u0159\u00ed na\u0161li \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed ve spojen\u00ed. Posiluj\u00ed t\u00e9mata festivalu, jako je spole\u010denstv\u00ed, plodnost a ochrann\u00e9 poru\u010dnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dostupnost Nozawaonsenu klade d\u016fraz jak na odlehlost, tak na spojen\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee vesnic\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo neproch\u00e1z\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 osobn\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165, p\u011bt stanic na lince Iiyama se nach\u00e1z\u00ed do jednoho kilometru od jej\u00edch hranic. Stanice Togari-Nozawaonsen a Kamisakai p\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed nejbl\u00ed\u017ee centru m\u011bsta. Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed vlakem shinkansen, je k dispozici stanice Iiyama na lince Hokuriku Shinkansen, kter\u00e1 spoj\u00ed vesnici s Tokiem zhruba za dv\u011b hodiny. Autobus provozovan\u00fd vesnic\u00ed jezd\u00ed podle j\u00edzdn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du shinkansenu, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd p\u0159estup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Stezky pro t\u00fary na sn\u011b\u017enic\u00edch a p\u011b\u0161\u00ed turistiku k\u0159i\u017euj\u00ed okoln\u00ed hory, jakmile to sn\u011bhov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka dovol\u00ed. Denn\u00ed v\u00fdlety odhaluj\u00ed skryt\u00e9 vodop\u00e1dy, cedrov\u00e9 h\u00e1je a \u00fachvatn\u00e9 v\u00fdhledy, kter\u00e9 podtrhuj\u00ed souhru hor a \u00fadol\u00ed. V \u00fazk\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch vesnice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159ada tradi\u010dn\u00edch hostinc\u016f, ubytoven, restaurac\u00ed specializuj\u00edc\u00edch se na m\u00edstn\u00ed soba a sak\u00e9, obchod\u016f se suven\u00fdry a pouli\u010dn\u00edch prodejc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kouzlo Nozawaonsenu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v kombinaci rustik\u00e1ln\u00ed vytrvalosti a vyt\u0159\u00edben\u00e9 pohostinnosti. Pole, lesy a prameny se tu vyskytuj\u00ed vedle modern\u00edch lanovek a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. Zimn\u00ed ticho ustupuje festival\u016fm osv\u011btlen\u00fdm lucernami a letn\u00ed zele\u0148 zjem\u0148uje okraje strm\u00fdch sjezdovek. Pomal\u00e9 kap\u00e1n\u00ed miner\u00e1ln\u00edch vod a kladivo ly\u017e\u00ed o ztvrdl\u00fd sn\u00edh zde definuj\u00ed rytmy \u017eivota utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00edmi obdob\u00edmi, tradicemi a trval\u00fdm komfortem geoterm\u00e1ln\u00edho tepla.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nozawaonsen je malebn\u00e9 m\u011bsto nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v kopcovit\u00e9 oblasti prefektury Nagano v Japonsku s populac\u00ed asi 3 653 obyvatel rozd\u011blen\u00fdch mezi 1 395 rodin k 1. dubnu 2019. Tato okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed lokalita s hustotou obyvatelstva 63 jedinc\u016f na kilometr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e1 rozlohu 57,96 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f (22,38 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch kilometr\u016f) a poskytuje ru\u0161n\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti o rozloze 22,38 km. Nozawaonsen, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v severn\u00ed oblasti prefektury Nagano, je p\u0159\u00edkladem trval\u00e9ho kouzla japonsk\u00e9 venkovsk\u00e9 scen\u00e9rie a jej\u00edho bohat\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3842,"parent":14797,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14854","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14854","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14854"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14854\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14854"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}