Japonsko je ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii, zasazen\u00fd jako jemn\u00fd tah \u0161t\u011btcem na okraji Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Jeho hlavn\u00ed pevnina se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch ostrov\u016f \u2013 Hokkaid\u00f3, Hon\u0161\u00fa, \u0160ikoku a Kj\u00fa\u0161\u00fa \u2013 a v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dtrn\u00e1cti tis\u00edc men\u0161\u00edch ostrov\u016f, kter\u00e9 se t\u00e1hnou v d\u00e9lce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 3 000 kilometr\u016f od chladn\u00e9ho \u00fast\u00ed Ochotsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e na severu a\u017e po subtropick\u00e9 vody V\u00fdchodo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e na jihu. Japonsko se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e 377 975 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a vyva\u017euje drsn\u00e9 hory a hust\u00e9 lesy s \u00fazk\u00fdmi pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edmi pl\u00e1n\u011bmi, kde t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny jeho ter\u00e9nu omezuj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost a m\u011bstsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed na v\u00fdchodn\u00edch b\u0159ez\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Geologicky se Japonsko nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nestabiln\u00edm bod\u011b Ohniv\u00e9ho kruhu v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed. Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed se vln\u00ed na jeho ostrovech s neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou frekvenc\u00ed a sope\u010dn\u00e9 ku\u017eely \u2013 p\u0159es sto z nich aktivn\u00edch \u2013 pror\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed oblohu jako tich\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o podzemn\u00edch sil\u00e1ch. Vzpom\u00ednka na velk\u00e9 tokijsk\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v roce 1923, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1dalo v\u00edce ne\u017e 140 000 \u017eivot\u016f, p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v kolektivn\u00edm v\u011bdom\u00ed n\u00e1roda, stejn\u011b jako nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u0159esy: velk\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed Han\u0161in v roce 1995 a ot\u0159es v T\u00f3hoku v roce 2011, kter\u00fd vyvolal ni\u010divou tsunami a jadernou krizi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Klima se v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed od severu k jihu. Na Hokkaidu se zimy prodlu\u017euj\u00ed v dlouh\u00fdch, mraziv\u00fdch obdob\u00edch a jezera a pole le\u017e\u00ed pod t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi sn\u011bhov\u00fdmi pokr\u00fdvkami. Sm\u011brem na jih vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Hon\u0161\u00fa chlad i vlhko, v\u011btry od Japonsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e ka\u017edou zimu hromad\u00ed sn\u011bhov\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bje. Vyso\u010diny uprost\u0159ed Hon\u0161\u00fa za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velk\u00e9 sez\u00f3nn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy, zat\u00edmco tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed pod Tokiem a Osakou se v l\u00e9t\u011b rozpaluje vlhk\u00fdmi teplotami a v zim\u011b zm\u011bk\u010duje ob\u010dasn\u00fdmi mrazy. Na jihu se na ostrovech Rj\u00fakj\u00fa a Nanp\u00f3 vyskytuj\u00ed subtropick\u00e9 de\u0161t\u011b, jejich\u017e teplo naru\u0161uje pouze monzunov\u00e1 fronta na za\u010d\u00e1tku kv\u011btna a p\u0159\u00edchod tajfun\u016f na konci l\u00e9ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017div\u00fd sv\u011bt odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tuto rozmanitost krajiny a podneb\u00ed. Lesy, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed dv\u011b t\u0159etiny souostrov\u00ed, poskytuj\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e devades\u00e1ti tis\u00edc\u016fm druh\u016f. Medv\u011bdi hn\u011bd\u00ed se hem\u017e\u00ed v borov\u00fdch les\u00edch Hokkaida; japon\u0161t\u00ed makakov\u00e9 leno\u0161\u00ed v hork\u00fdch onsenov\u00fdch baz\u00e9nech; vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 druhy, jako je ob\u0159\u00ed mlok, proklouznou horsk\u00fdmi potoky. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed te\u010dou starobyl\u00e9 vody jezera Biwa pod porosty javoru a cedru; pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v\u00edtaj\u00ed mok\u0159ady a ba\u017einy st\u011bhovav\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky na pades\u00e1ti t\u0159ech ramsarsk\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lidsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed t\u011bchto ostrov\u016f sah\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159icet tis\u00edc let do minulosti a do archeologick\u00fdch z\u00e1znam\u016f vstoupilo ji\u017e v obdob\u00ed vrchn\u00edho paleolitu. Z r\u016fznorod\u00fdch skupin lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f vznikly region\u00e1ln\u00ed politick\u00e9 celky, kter\u00e9 se ve \u010dtvrt\u00e9m stolet\u00ed slou\u010dily do dvorsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed pod veden\u00edm c\u00edsa\u0159e v dne\u0161n\u00ed Na\u0159e. Tato \u00e9ra podpo\u0159ila prvn\u00ed synt\u00e9zu ciz\u00ed v\u00edry a domorod\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f: buddhismus p\u0159i\u0161el z Koreje, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a taoistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily z \u010c\u00edny a \u0161intoistick\u00e9 praktiky hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v ritu\u00e1lech a mytologii pramenily z m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00facty k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve dvan\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed m\u011bli vojen\u0161t\u00ed vl\u00e1dci zn\u00e1m\u00ed jako \u0161\u00f3guni de facto moc a p\u0159edsedali samurajsk\u00fdm hierarchi\u00edm a feud\u00e1ln\u00edm dom\u00e9n\u00e1m. \u0160\u00f3gun\u00e1ty Kamakura a A\u0161ikaga p\u0159etrvaly a\u017e do neklidn\u00e9ho \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, tzv. V\u011bku v\u00e1l\u010d\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. V roce 1600 zavedl Tokugawa Iejasu v Edo (dne\u0161n\u00ed Tokio) nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd prosadil politiku n\u00e1rodn\u00ed izolace, je\u017e trvala dv\u011b a p\u016fl stolet\u00ed. Za Tokugawova re\u017eimu spole\u010dnost z\u00edskala rigidn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed strukturu: samurajov\u00e9 si vy\u017eadovali \u010dest a privilegia; obchodn\u00edci, \u0159emesln\u00edci a farm\u00e1\u0159i plnili odli\u0161n\u00e9 role; vyvr\u017een\u00e9 komunity, burakumini, vykon\u00e1valy \u00fakoly pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za ne\u010dist\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159\u00edchod \u010dern\u00fdch lod\u00ed komodora Perryho v roce 1853 prolomil izolaci ostrov\u016f. B\u011bhem patn\u00e1cti let padl \u0161\u00f3gun\u00e1t Tokugawa a c\u00edsa\u0159 Meid\u017ei znovu z\u00edskal skute\u010dnou moc. Japonsk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed Meid\u017ei se odehr\u00e1valo v n\u00e1valu reforem: feud\u00e1ln\u00ed panstv\u00ed se rozpadla, \u017eeleznice rozprost\u0159ely ocelov\u00e9 p\u00e1sky po zemi, tov\u00e1rny vyr\u016fstaly na pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00edch a c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pochodovala do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd r\u016fst vynesl n\u00e1rod na sv\u011btovou sc\u00e9nu, ale tak\u00e9 zas\u00e9val militaristick\u00e9 ambice. Koncem devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed Japonsko soupe\u0159ilo o vliv v Koreji a \u010c\u00edn\u011b; do roku 1937 zah\u00e1jilo tot\u00e1ln\u00ed invazi do \u010c\u00edny a v roce 1941 za\u00fato\u010dilo na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a evropsk\u00e9 kolonie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Por\u00e1\u017eka p\u0159i\u0161la v roce 1945 po bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bst a atomov\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu nad Hiro\u0161imou a Nagasaki. Za spojeneck\u00e9 okupace Japonsko p\u0159epsalo svou \u00fastavu a vzdalo se v\u00e1lky, p\u0159esto\u017ee budovalo s\u00edly sebeobrany. Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdroby vedl k v\u00fdrob\u011b motocykl\u016f, automobil\u016f a elektroniky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesly ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eVyrobeno v Japonsku\u201c do dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se ekonomick\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed zrychlilo do ohromuj\u00edc\u00edho r\u016fstu: d\u00e1lnice a rychlovlaky spojovaly m\u011bsta; mrakodrapy signalizovaly s\u00edlu korporac\u00ed; \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 prudce vzrostla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japonsko je dnes konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchi\u00ed s dvoukomorov\u00fdm z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00fdm sborem, N\u00e1rodn\u00edm sn\u011bmem. C\u00edsa\u0159 slou\u017e\u00ed jako ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed figurka; politick\u00e1 moc spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v rukou volen\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a jmenovan\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra. Japonsko je jedin\u00fdm asijsk\u00fdm \u010dlenem skupiny G7, p\u0159esto jeho \u00fastava z roku 1947 zakazuje nasazen\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly za \u00fa\u010delem dobyt\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jeho s\u00edly sebeobrany pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe vybaven\u00fdm na sv\u011bt\u011b a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty za\u0159adila Tokio mezi prvn\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 spojence Washingtonu mimo NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska je Japonsko p\u00e1tou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u00ed sv\u011bta podle nomin\u00e1ln\u00edho HDP. Tov\u00e1rny v regionech \u010c\u00fabu a Kant\u00f3 hu\u010d\u00ed a chrl\u00ed automobily, polovodi\u010de a p\u0159esn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Robotick\u00e9 laborato\u0159e zdokonaluj\u00ed automatizaci, kter\u00e1 formuje tov\u00e1rny od \u00d3saky po Jokohamu. Zem\u011b v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edmu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9mu dluhu \u2013 bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmu se dvaap\u016fln\u00e1sobku HDP \u2013 a m\u00ed\u0159e chudoby nad 15 procent, a to i p\u0159es n\u00edzkou nezam\u011bstnanost. Model orientovan\u00fd na export spojuje Japonsko s trhy od \u010c\u00edny po Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, ale energetick\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost \u2013 zejm\u00e9na na dov\u00e1\u017een\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch palivech \u2013 \u010din\u00ed ekonomiku zranitelnou v\u016f\u010di glob\u00e1ln\u00edm cenov\u00fdm v\u00fdkyv\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Demograficky se Japonsko nach\u00e1z\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce. Jeho populace 123 milion\u016f dos\u00e1hla vrcholu v posledn\u00edch letech; do roku 2025 ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dtvrt\u00fd obyvatel p\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed \u0161edes\u00e1t p\u011bt let. N\u00edzk\u00e1 porodnost v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota a zanedbateln\u00e1 imigrace sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi k osmdes\u00e1ti osmi milion\u016fm obyvatel do roku 2065. Zmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0161koln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy a venkovsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00e1 od mlad\u00fdch rodin se oz\u00fdv\u00e1 po cel\u00e9m venkov\u011b, i kdy\u017e dvacet t\u0159i tokijsk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V r\u00e1mci t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev japonsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost vytrv\u00e1v\u00e1 na z\u00e1kladech jazyka a v\u00edry. Japon\u0161tina, \u010dlen japonsk\u00e9 rodiny, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u00edsmo kand\u017ei a kana, kter\u00e9 prol\u00edn\u00e1 logogramy a slabiky. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyky \u2013 dialekty rj\u00fakjuan na Okinaw\u011b, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhynul\u00fd jazyk Ainu na Hokkaidu \u2013 nazna\u010duj\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed vrstvy d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Mezi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi praktikami se prol\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161intoismus a buddhismus: svatyn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00ed ob\u0159ady; chr\u00e1my st\u0159e\u017e\u00ed cesty osv\u011btlen\u00e9 lucernami b\u011bhem luceren; sv\u011btsk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady pro svatby a poh\u0159by zahrnuj\u00ed ob\u011b tradice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot pulzuje v um\u011bn\u00ed a performanci. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u0159emesla \u2013 lakovan\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, keramika a hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 textilie \u2013 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed stalet\u00ed star\u00e9 techniky spolu s modern\u00edm designem. Na jevi\u0161ti masky n\u00f3 evokuj\u00ed \u00e9terick\u00e9 duchy, herci kabuki se p\u0159evl\u00e9kaj\u00ed do propracovan\u00fdch kost\u00fdm\u016f a loutky bunraku p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o loajalit\u011b a ztr\u00e1t\u011b. Kaligrafov\u00e9 d\u00fdchaj\u00ed tahy \u0161t\u011btcem na pap\u00edr, zat\u00edmco \u010dajov\u00ed mist\u0159i orchestruj\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed rytmy misky, metly a vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japonsk\u00e1 kuchyn\u011b si z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 celosv\u011btov\u00fd respekt, p\u0159esto je neodd\u011bliteln\u00e1 od sv\u00e9ho m\u00edsta p\u016fvodu. St\u00e1nky se sushi v tokijsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti Tsukiji se pln\u00ed rann\u00edmi \u00falovky; kj\u00f3tsk\u00e9 stoly kaiseki serv\u00edruj\u00ed sez\u00f3nn\u00ed chody, jako je haiku, v jedl\u00e9 form\u011b; studen\u00e1 mo\u0159e Hokkaida sk\u00fdt\u00e1 bohat\u00e9 krab\u00ed a lososov\u00e9 jikry. R\u00fd\u017ee, s\u00f3ja a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0159asy jsou z\u00e1kladem denn\u00edch j\u00eddel; sladkosti wagashi doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed ob\u0159ad zelen\u00e9ho \u010daje. V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b jsou misky ramen a tal\u00ed\u0159e kari \u2013 p\u016fvodem z Britsk\u00e9 Indie \u2013 symbolem pohodl\u00ed a prakti\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura zt\u011bles\u0148uje slib i preciznost. M\u011bsto a vesnici spojuje v\u00edce ne\u017e milion kilometr\u016f silnic; vysokorychlostn\u00ed vlaky \u0160inkanzen pror\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed tunely rychlost\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 300 kilometr\u016f za hodinu; region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eeleznice k\u0159i\u017euj\u00ed hory i pl\u00e1n\u011b. Leteck\u00e1 doprava je i nad\u00e1le intenzivn\u00ed na 280 leti\u0161t\u00edch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Haneda slou\u017e\u00ed jako druh\u00e9 nejru\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed centrum v Asii. Superporty v Tokijsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu a \u00d3sace odbavuj\u00ed miliony kontejner\u016f, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje tok obchodu v zemi, kter\u00e1 je utv\u00e1\u0159ena dovozem a v\u00fdvozem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017divot v Japonsku se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 uprost\u0159ed choreografie spole\u010densk\u00fdch zvyk\u016f. Respekt prostupuje ka\u017edodenn\u00edmi interakcemi: \u00faklony zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed pozdravy; vizitky se vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed v obou rukou; boty se zouvaj\u00ed na prahu. Etiketa ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch \u2013 tich\u00e9 vlaky, t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00e9 popelnice na t\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00fd odpad \u2013 odhaluje kolektivn\u00ed d\u016fraz na ohleduplnost. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci se u\u010d\u00ed vyh\u00fdbat se pokl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed h\u016flek do r\u00fd\u017ee, koupat se p\u0159ed vstupem do spole\u010dn\u00fdch van a d\u011bkovat osobn\u011b i ru\u010dn\u011b psan\u00fdm vzkazem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto se pod t\u011bmito ritu\u00e1ly skr\u00fdv\u00e1 duch adaptace. Japonsk\u00e1 popkultura se roz\u0161i\u0159uje nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d anime, mangou a videohrami a formuje kulturu ml\u00e1de\u017ee v tokijsk\u00fdch uli\u010dk\u00e1ch i venkovsk\u00fdch kav\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Spolupr\u00e1ce a konsenzus dr\u017e\u00ed pohromad\u011b hierarchie na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch, a to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u017eeny a men\u0161inov\u00e9 skupiny usiluj\u00ed o \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rovnost. Uprost\u0159ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti se inovace v robotice a zdravotnictv\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed zm\u00edrnit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e spojenou s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Japonsko, zem\u011b kontrast\u016f, vyva\u017euje zachov\u00e1n\u00ed a zm\u011bnu. Starobyl\u00e9 chr\u00e1my stoj\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e sklen\u011bn\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed; vesnick\u00e9 festivaly o\u017eivuj\u00ed ulice osv\u011btlen\u00e9 lucernami, zat\u00edmco nad hlavou z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed neonov\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy. V zahrad\u00e1ch mech pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed kameny vedle syntetick\u00fdch vodop\u00e1d\u016f; ve m\u011bstech se pap\u00edrov\u00e9 lucerny houpaj\u00ed pod pavu\u010dinami elektrick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato souhra pam\u011bti a vyn\u00e1lezu, pokory a ambic\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 Japonsku jeho tichou intenzitu a trvalou p\u0159\u00edtomnost na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Japonsko, ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se u v\u00fdchodn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Asie, s populac\u00ed kolem 124 milion\u016f od roku 2024, co\u017e jej \u0159ad\u00ed na dev\u00e1tou nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tento souostrov\u00ed n\u00e1rod se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 hlavn\u00edch ostrov\u016f a n\u011bkolika men\u0161\u00edch, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed plochu 377 975 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch (145 937 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil) v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. V\u00fdrazn\u00e1 geografick\u00e1 poloha regionu, ohrani\u010den\u00e1 Japonsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em na z\u00e1pad\u011b a rozprost\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se od Ochotsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e na severu po V\u00fdchodo\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e na jihu, v\u00fdznamn\u011b ovlivnila jeho historii, kulturu a celosv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5237,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14797","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14797\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}