Libanon zab\u00edr\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00fd pruh zem\u011b na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, kde se z \u00fazk\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed n\u00ed\u017einy prudce zvedaj\u00ed v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny a ve vnitrozem\u00ed ustupuj\u00ed \u00farodn\u00e9mu \u00fadol\u00ed Beqaa a za n\u00edm poho\u0159\u00ed Antilibanon. S rozlohou n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es deset tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch hrani\u010d\u00ed na severu a v\u00fdchod\u011b se S\u00fdri\u00ed, na jihu s Izraelem a na z\u00e1pad\u011b se St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159em. V jeho hranic\u00edch \u017eije n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es p\u011bt milion\u016f lid\u00ed, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Bejr\u00fatu a jeho okol\u00ed, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b a hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstavu zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lidsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost sah\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b do roku 5000 p\u0159. n. l. Od t\u0159et\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. do poloviny prvn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. tvo\u0159ila pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed m\u011bsta j\u00e1dro F\u00e9nicie, jej\u00ed\u017e obchodn\u00edci a stavitel\u00e9 lod\u00ed zakl\u00e1dali kolonie po cel\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. V roce 64 p\u0159. n. l. p\u0159inesla \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va nov\u00e9 silnice, divadla a chr\u00e1my. V sedm\u00e9m stolet\u00ed n. l. se kontrola p\u0159esunula k postupn\u00fdm isl\u00e1msk\u00fdm chal\u00edf\u00e1t\u016fm; v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch stolet\u00edch byly k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00e9 politick\u00e9 re\u017eimy nahrazeny vl\u00e1dou Ajj\u00fab\u016f a pot\u00e9 maml\u00fak\u016f. Osmansk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va se ujala na po\u010d\u00e1tku patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, a\u010dkoli za sult\u00e1na Abdulmed\u017eida I. vytvo\u0159ily tanzimatsk\u00e9 reformy z poloviny devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed Mutasarif\u00e1t hory Libanon, poloautonomn\u00ed okres ur\u010den\u00fd k ochran\u011b maronitsk\u00fdch k\u0159es\u0165an\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kolaps osmansk\u00e9 moci po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce dostal Libanon pod francouzsk\u00fd mand\u00e1t. V roce 1920 vznikl Velk\u00fd Libanon, jeho\u017e hranice se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily na v\u00fdchod a zahrnovaly \u00fadol\u00ed Beqaa. Nez\u00e1vislost dos\u00e1hla v roce 1943 na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fastavy, kter\u00e1 p\u0159id\u011blovala politick\u00e9 funkce podle n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti \u2013 syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo vyv\u00e1\u017eit k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9, muslimsk\u00e9 a dr\u00fazsk\u00e9 komunity. M\u00edr trval a\u017e do roku 1975, kdy sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159erostlo v ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lku. Boje pokra\u010dovaly a\u017e do roku 1990, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho zas\u00e1hly syrsk\u00e9 s\u00edly (1976\u20132005) a izraelsk\u00e9 invaze na jihu p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy. Konflikt s Izraelem se s p\u0159est\u00e1vkami obnovil a vyvrcholil n\u011bkolika invazemi; posledn\u00ed konfrontace za\u010dala v \u0159\u00edjnu 2023 a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Topografie rozd\u011bluje Libanon na \u010dty\u0159i odli\u0161n\u00e9 oblasti. \u00dazk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed rovina, tvo\u0159en\u00e1 mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi sedimenty a \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edmi naplaveninami, se roz\u0161i\u0159uje pobl\u00ed\u017e syrsk\u00e9 hranice a zu\u017euje se do skalnat\u00fdch mys\u016f na izraelsk\u00e9 hranici. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed se rovnob\u011b\u017en\u011b s pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm t\u00e1hne Libanonsk\u00e9 poho\u0159\u00ed \u2013 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 a p\u00edskovcov\u00e9 vrcholy ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se p\u0159es t\u0159i tis\u00edce metr\u016f u Qurnat as Sawda\u02be \u2013 vyhlouben\u00e9 strm\u00fdmi roklemi a ka\u017edou zimu pokryt\u00e9 sn\u011bhem. D\u00e1le na v\u00fdchod le\u017e\u00ed \u00fadol\u00ed Beqaa v trhlin\u011b, kter\u00e1 se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky. Jeho hlubok\u00e9 p\u016fdy podporuj\u00ed vinice a sady. Za \u00fadol\u00edm se ty\u010d\u00ed Antilibanonsk\u00fd masiv, vrchol\u00edc\u00ed u hory Hermon, jej\u00ed\u017e svahy se rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed na sporn\u00fdch farm\u00e1ch Shebaa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Libanonsk\u00e9 \u0159eky jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a nesplavn\u00e9. T\u0159in\u00e1ct z nich pramen\u00ed v z\u00e1padn\u00edch hor\u00e1ch a te\u010de na z\u00e1pad k mo\u0159i; Litani je nejdel\u0161\u00ed, te\u010de na sever p\u0159es Beqaa, ne\u017e se st\u00e1\u010d\u00ed na z\u00e1pad. Sez\u00f3nn\u00ed byst\u0159iny ka\u017edou zimu dopl\u0148uj\u00ed sv\u00e1 koryta, zat\u00edmco prameny a zavla\u017eovac\u00ed kan\u00e1ly udr\u017euj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed b\u011bhem letn\u00edch such\u00fdch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Klima se m\u011bn\u00ed s nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161kou. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblasti zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejv\u00edce sr\u00e1\u017eek mezi listopadem a b\u0159eznem, zimy jsou chladn\u00e9 a l\u00e9ta vlhk\u00e1. Nad tis\u00edc metr\u016f klesaj\u00ed zimn\u00ed teploty pod bod mrazu a siln\u00e9 sn\u011b\u017een\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat a\u017e do kv\u011btna. V \u00fanoru 2025 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed meteorologick\u00fd syst\u00e9m zvan\u00fd bou\u0159e Adam p\u0159inesl sn\u00edh do nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek a\u017e t\u0159\u00ed set metr\u016f a rekordn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty v hor\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Administrativn\u011b se dev\u011bt guvernor\u00e1t\u016f d\u011bl\u00ed na dvacet p\u011bt okres\u016f a \u0159adu obc\u00ed. Libanonsk\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd r\u00e1mec je zako\u0159en\u011bn na principech laissez-faire. V\u011bt\u0161ina transakc\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 v americk\u00fdch dolarech. Kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 toky p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed hranice bez omezen\u00ed. Libanonsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro rozvoj investic (Investment Development Authority), zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1994 a pos\u00edlen\u00fd investi\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1konem \u010d. 360 z roku 2001, podporuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investice do technologi\u00ed, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto se v posledn\u00edch letech ekonomika zhroutila. V letech 2018 a\u017e 2023 se HDP sn\u00ed\u017eil o \u010dty\u0159icet procent. Libanonsk\u00e1 libra ztratila v\u016f\u010di dolaru devades\u00e1t p\u011bt procent sv\u00e9 hodnoty. Inflace prudce p\u0159ekro\u010dila dv\u011b st\u011b procent. Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed sm\u011bnn\u00fd kurz byl poprv\u00e9 za dvacet p\u011bt let opu\u0161t\u011bn. Banky zavedly neform\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly kapit\u00e1lu. Do roku 2023 \u017eili t\u0159i ze \u010dty\u0159 Libanonc\u016f pod hranic\u00ed chudoby. Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka \u0159ad\u00ed tento pokles k nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm od devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Jeho ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed do dlouhodob\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho sch\u00e9matu centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, kter\u00e1 si p\u016fj\u010dovala dolary s vysok\u00fdm \u00farokem na financov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch deficit\u016f. Kdy\u017e se r\u016fst vklad\u016f zpomalil, syst\u00e9m se zhroutil, co\u017e vyvrcholilo bankrotem v roce 2020 a exploz\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edstavu v Bejr\u00fatu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159ed touto kriz\u00ed, od osmansk\u00e9 \u00e9ry a\u017e do 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed, Libanon vzkv\u00e9tal jako region\u00e1ln\u00ed bankovn\u00ed centrum a distribu\u010dn\u00ed centrum. Obchod s potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem, textilem, \u0161perky a koberci udr\u017eoval rostouc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148. Pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 rekonstrukce p\u0159eorientovala ekonomiku na slu\u017eby \u2013 bankovnictv\u00ed, nemovitosti a cestovn\u00ed ruch nyn\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1vaj\u00ed dv\u011b t\u0159etiny pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly a tvo\u0159\u00ed podobn\u00fd pod\u00edl na HDP. P\u0159evody pen\u011bz z rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 diaspory v roce 2008 tvo\u0159ily zhruba p\u011btinu n\u00e1rodn\u00edho d\u016fchodu. Tyto s\u00edt\u011b se roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed do Afriky, Ameriky a Austr\u00e1lie, kde libanonsk\u00e9 komunity provozuj\u00ed firmy od maloobchodn\u00edch prodejen a\u017e po stavebnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cestovn\u00ed ruch kdysi tvo\u0159il desetinu HDP. Na sv\u00e9m vrcholu v roce 2009 po\u010det p\u0159\u00edjezd\u016f p\u0159ekro\u010dil 1,8 milionu; Bejr\u00fat byl mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi novinami ozna\u010den za nejlep\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btovou destinaci. O deset let pozd\u011bji region\u00e1ln\u00ed spory v sousedn\u00ed S\u00fdrii vyvolaly 37% pokles po\u010dtu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f. V kv\u011btnu 2025 Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty zru\u0161ily sv\u016fj dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1kaz cestov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e obnovily nad\u011bji na o\u017eiven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Demografick\u00e9 \u00fadaje o libanonsk\u00e9 populaci z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed citliv\u00e9. Od roku 1932, kdy k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 tvo\u0159ili m\u00edrnou v\u011bt\u0161inu, se nekonalo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu. Odhady pro rok 2021 uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed celkov\u00fd po\u010det obyvatel na 5,6 milionu, v\u010detn\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milionu uprchl\u00edk\u016f ze S\u00fdrie a Palestiny. Libanonsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f je asi 4,7 milionu. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 rozmanitost pat\u0159\u00ed k nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v regionu. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ny \u010dty\u0159i muslimsk\u00e9 sekty, dvan\u00e1ct k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch c\u00edrkv\u00ed, dr\u00fazov\u00e9 a mal\u00e1 \u017eidovsk\u00e1 komunita. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee muslimov\u00e9 (v\u010detn\u011b dr\u00faz\u016f) tvo\u0159\u00ed zhruba dv\u011b t\u0159etiny ob\u010dan\u016f a k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 jednu t\u0159etinu. \u00dadaje z pr\u016fzkum\u016f poukazuj\u00ed na m\u00edrn\u00fd pokles n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 rozmanitosti mezi mlad\u0161\u00edmi generacemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jazyk tuto pluralitu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Arab\u0161tina slou\u017e\u00ed jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyk, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e modern\u00ed spisovn\u00e1 arab\u0161tina je vyhrazena pro ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a form\u00e1ln\u00ed projevy. V ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 hovorov\u00e1 libanonsk\u00e1 arab\u0161tina. Francouz\u0161tina si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status a objevuje se v obchod\u011b a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed; t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dty\u0159icet procent Libanonc\u016f se identifikuje jako frankofonn\u00ed. Angli\u010dtina se prosadila ve v\u011bd\u011b a obchodu a oba evropsk\u00e9 jazyky nahrazuj\u00ed arab\u0161tinu mezi mnoha m\u011bstsk\u00fdmi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi. V t\u011bchto komunit\u00e1ch p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9, \u0159eck\u00e9 a asyrsk\u00e9 jazyky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kulturn\u00ed \u017eivot nese stopy f\u00e9nick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, arabsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a osmansk\u00e9ho a francouzsk\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vcovstv\u00ed. Hudba m\u00eds\u00ed mod\u00e1ln\u00ed formy se z\u00e1padn\u00ed instrumentac\u00ed. Literatura se konfrontuje s v\u00e1lkou, exilem a identitou. Festivaly \u2013 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 i sv\u011btsk\u00e9 \u2013 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice a oslavy diaspor. Po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b provozuj\u00ed libanon\u0161t\u00ed kucha\u0159i t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset tis\u00edc restaurac\u00ed a nab\u00edzej\u00ed pokrmy jako kibbe \u2013 sm\u011bs mlet\u00e9ho jehn\u011b\u010d\u00edho masa a drcen\u00e9 p\u0161enice \u2013 a tabbouleh, sal\u00e1t z petr\u017eelky, raj\u010dat a burghulu, spolu s region\u00e1ln\u00edmi variacemi na mezze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u011bsta nab\u00edzej\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 profily. Bejr\u00fat kombinuje fas\u00e1dy z osmansk\u00e9 \u00e9ry s modern\u00edmi sklen\u011bn\u00fdmi v\u011b\u017eemi a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak mozaiku \u010dtvrt\u00ed, kde se kav\u00e1rny rozl\u00e9vaj\u00ed po chodn\u00edc\u00edch a no\u010dn\u00ed \u017eivot pulzuje v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch klubech i barech u mo\u0159e. Tripolis, kter\u00fd si st\u00e1le nese maml\u00fackou architekturu a k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ckou citadelu, vykazuje p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed jizvy ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a str\u00e1d\u00e1 v relativn\u00ed chudob\u011b. Sidon si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 karavanseraje, st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 s\u00faky a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed promen\u00e1dy. Tyros se na sv\u00fdch \u0161irok\u00fdch pl\u00e1\u017e\u00edch py\u0161n\u00ed f\u00e9nick\u00fdmi a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi ruinami. Byblos se prohla\u0161uje za jedno z nejstar\u0161\u00edch nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00fdch s\u00eddel na sv\u011bt\u011b, jeho\u017e hrad a starobyl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav jsou obklopeny \u017eiv\u00fdmi trhy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci p\u0159il\u00e9taj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b letecky p\u0159es mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v Bejr\u00fatu, kam se v\u00e1\u017eou leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti Middle East Airlines a r\u016fzn\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed a evrop\u0161t\u00ed dopravci. Dama\u0161ek a dal\u0161\u00ed syrsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta spojuj\u00ed autobusy a sd\u00edlen\u00e9 taxislu\u017eby. Dvakr\u00e1t t\u00fddn\u011b jezd\u00ed trajekt, kter\u00fd spojuje Tripolis s Tureckem. V Libanonu z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed auta nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem po nerovn\u00fdch silnic\u00edch; ceny pron\u00e1jmu je nutn\u00e9 vyjedn\u00e1vat, stejn\u011b jako j\u00edzdn\u00e9 u \u201eservisn\u00edch\u201c taxislu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako neform\u00e1ln\u00ed minibusy. V Bejr\u00fatu jezd\u00ed Uber pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu, a d\u00e1lnice prot\u00ednaj\u00ed hory i pl\u00e1n\u011b, a\u010dkoli v\u00fdmoly a nevyzpytateln\u00e1 j\u00edzda vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ostra\u017eitost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Spole\u010densk\u00e9 zvyky kladou d\u016fraz na \u00factu ke star\u0161\u00edm, nep\u0159\u00edmou komunikaci a pohostinnost. P\u0159edpisy obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed: decentn\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed se hod\u00ed k n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm m\u00edst\u016fm a konzervativn\u00edm \u010dtvrt\u00edm; centra m\u011bst umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1padn\u00ed styl. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci by se m\u011bli vyh\u00fdbat diskus\u00edm o citliv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch t\u00e9matech v bl\u00edzkosti hranic a zdr\u017eet se gest pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za neslu\u0161n\u00e9, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad pokynut prstem. Ji\u017en\u00ed oblasti pod vlivem milic\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed rizika; Arsal v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti provincie Beqaa byl m\u00edstem sporadick\u00fdch \u00fanos\u016f a jeho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva se st\u00e1le nedoporu\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poutn\u00edci, u\u010denci a turist\u00e9 mohou v Libanonu nal\u00e9zt vrstven\u00ed civilizac\u00ed a podneb\u00ed: olivov\u00e9 h\u00e1je na \u00farovni mo\u0159e, zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 vrcholky hor na ja\u0159e a \u00fadol\u00ed, kde vinn\u00e1 r\u00e9va rod\u00ed v\u00edno, jak\u00e9 p\u0159ed stolet\u00edm nepoznali. Kompaktn\u00ed geografie soust\u0159e\u010fuje kontrasty \u2013 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a hory, bohatstv\u00ed a str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, tradici a inovace \u2013 z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 navzdory konflikt\u016fm a ekonomick\u00e9mu kolapsu. V tomto prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed historie a krajiny Libanon p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed adaptace pod tlakem a p\u0159etrv\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch komunit ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Libanon, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v regionu Levant v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii, m\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m omezen\u00e9m prostoru 10 452 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch po\u010det obyvatel p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u011bt milion\u016f. S hranicemi se S\u00fdri\u00ed na severu a v\u00fdchod\u011b, Izraelem na jihu a St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159em na z\u00e1pad\u011b se tato mal\u00e1, ale kulturn\u011b bohat\u00e1 zem\u011b z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed a arabsk\u00fdch vnitrozem\u00ed. Bl\u00edzk\u00e1 bl\u00edzkost Kypru \u2013 jen kousek od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Libanonu \u2013 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou pozici v t\u00e9to oblasti.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3645,"parent":24063,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14746","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14746","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14746"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14746\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24063"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14746"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}