Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Severn\u00edho Irska, souostrovn\u00ed oblast o rozloze 244 376 km\u00b2 (94 354 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil), le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm okraji kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropy, m\u00e1 v roce 2023 p\u0159es 68,2 milionu obyvatel. Toto spojen\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 n\u00e1rod\u016f \u2013 Anglie, Skotska, Walesu a Severn\u00edho Irska \u2013 zahrnuje hlavn\u00ed ostrov Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u0161estinu Irska a souhv\u011bzd\u00ed men\u0161\u00edch ostrov\u016f roztrou\u0161en\u00fdch mezi Atlantikem, Severn\u00edm mo\u0159em, Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem, Keltsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em a Irsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em a p\u0159edstavuje geografickou i politickou tapiserii. Jeho okraje jsou od severn\u00ed Francie odd\u011bleny pouh\u00fdmi 35 kilometry pod Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem, ale s Evropou jsou spojeny 50 kilometry dlouh\u00fdm tunelem pod Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem.<\/p>\n
Od prvn\u00edch stop vtla\u010den\u00fdch do neolitick\u00e9 p\u016fdy a\u017e po vp\u00e1d \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch legi\u00ed v roce 43 n. l. jsou Britsk\u00e9 ostrovy sv\u011bdky neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed. Po dvou stolet\u00edch \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed legie ustoupily anglosask\u00fdm osad\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stalet\u00ed spojovaly r\u016fznorod\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Normansk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed v roce 1066 p\u0159ekalibrovalo trajektorii Anglie a vytvo\u0159ilo feud\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd na konci V\u00e1lky r\u016f\u017e\u00ed na konci patn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159inesl centralizovanou anglickou monarchii p\u0159ipravenou k expanzi. V \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed byl Wales anektov\u00e1n; v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch stolet\u00edch se imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed ambice slou\u010dily s Britsk\u00fdm imp\u00e9riem, jeho\u017e nadvl\u00e1da se na sv\u00e9m vrcholu ve 20. letech 20. stolet\u00ed rozkl\u00e1dala p\u0159es \u010dtvrtinu pevniny a obyvatel planety. Av\u0161ak z\u00e1va\u017enost dvou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek a ne\u00faprosn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv dekolonizace tento glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dosah naru\u0161ily a zanechaly po sob\u011b modern\u00ed Spole\u010denstv\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, zalo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1konem o kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch a parlamentn\u00edch titulech z roku 1927.<\/p>\n
S\u00eddlo koruny na Westminstersk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci, a\u010dkoli kdysi monolitick\u00e9 co do moci, bylo v pr\u016fb\u011bhu sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed omezeno \u2013 zejm\u00e9na anglickou ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou \u2013 a b\u011bhem georgi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry postupn\u011b dalo vzniknout \u00fa\u0159adu premi\u00e9ra. Akty unie z roku 1707 slou\u010dily Anglii a Skotsko do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, zat\u00edmco Akty unie z roku 1800 sjednotily Irsko a vytvo\u0159ily Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Irska. Odtr\u017een\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny Irska v roce 1922 prom\u011bnilo \u0159\u00ed\u0161i do jej\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 podoby, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i odli\u0161n\u00e9 jurisdikce: Anglii a Wales, Skotsko a Severn\u00ed Irsko. Od roku 1999 Skotsko, Wales a Severn\u00ed Irsko vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed decentralizovanou pravomoc v z\u00e1le\u017eitostech od vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed po zdravotnictv\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee si Westminster ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 dohled nad obranou, zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi v\u011bcmi a makroekonomickou politikou.<\/p>\n
Geograficky se Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v rozmez\u00ed od 49\u00b0 severn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky do 61\u00b0 severn\u00ed d\u00e9lky a od 9\u00b0 z\u00e1padn\u00ed d\u00e9lky do 2\u00b0 v\u00fdchodn\u00ed d\u00e9lky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e d\u00e9lka pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed jeho hlavn\u00edho ostrova je 17 820 km a celkov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka ostrovn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 31 368 km \u2013 p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo se v\u0161ak m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na zvln\u011bn\u00fdch rozm\u011brech paradoxu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Pozemn\u00ed hranice Severn\u00edho Irska s Irskou republikou o d\u00e9lce 499 km sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o slo\u017eit\u00e9m rozd\u011blen\u00ed ostrova, zat\u00edmco pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed zem\u011b o d\u00e9lce 650 km r\u00e1muje jeho zvln\u011bn\u00e9 kopce a roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 jezera. V m\u00edrn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00e9m podneb\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu dominuj\u00ed m\u00edrn\u00e9, vlhk\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u011btry oh\u0159\u00edvan\u00e9 Golfsk\u00fdm proudem, se ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z\u0159\u00eddka vyskytuj\u00ed extr\u00e9my \u2013 zimn\u00ed mrazy z\u0159\u00eddka klesaj\u00ed hluboko pod 0 \u00b0C a letn\u00ed maxima nep\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed nad 30 \u00b0C \u2013 a to i v dob\u011b, kdy se horsk\u00e9 enkl\u00e1vy ve Skotsku bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed subarktick\u00fdm a tundrov\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det slune\u010dn\u00edch svitu je kolem 1 340 hodin, a\u010dkoli region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly se pohybuj\u00ed mezi zhruba 1 200 a 1 580 hodinami, co\u017e je \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 od konce 90. let vzestupn\u00fd trend.<\/p>\n
Pod t\u00edmto klimatick\u00fdm de\u0161tn\u00edkem se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i suchozemsk\u00e9 ekoregiony: keltsk\u00e9 listnat\u00e9 lesy, bukov\u00e9 lesy anglick\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy, vlhk\u00e9 sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 lesy severn\u00edho Atlantiku a kaledonsk\u00e9 jehli\u010dnat\u00e9 lesy. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,25 milionu hektar\u016f \u2013 zhruba 13 procent p\u016fdy \u2013 je pokryto lesy, co\u017e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed jak o p\u0159irozen\u00e9 vytrvalosti, tak o soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody. Belgick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 d\u00e1lnic a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch tepen nach\u00e1z\u00ed poledn\u00edk Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 greenwichsk\u00e9 observato\u0159e vepsan\u00fd v nulov\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 d\u00e9lce, co\u017e je trval\u00fd ukazatel kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 role Brit\u00e1nie v mapov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n
Britsk\u00fd pokrok v technologi\u00edch, mechanizovan\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a tov\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m a devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed jako\u017eto prvn\u00ed industrializovan\u00fd n\u00e1rod sv\u011bta ji vynesl k ekonomick\u00e9 prevalenci. Lond\u00fdn se rozrostl v p\u0159edn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed centrum sv\u011bta a organizoval denn\u00ed devizov\u00e9 transakce, kter\u00e9 nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed 38,1 procenta trhu o objemu 7,5 bilionu americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. I kdy\u017e se imp\u00e9rium, podpo\u0159en\u00e9 robustn\u00edmi obchodn\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi a rozs\u00e1hlou obchodn\u00ed flotilou, po dvou glob\u00e1ln\u00edch konfliktech a vln\u00e1ch dekolonizace zmen\u0161ilo, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed si zachovalo velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho finan\u010dn\u00edho vlivu. Dnes se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomiky podle nomin\u00e1ln\u00edho HDP, jej\u00ed m\u011bna \u2013 libra \u0161terlink\u016f \u2013 je \u010dtvrtou nejobchodovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u010dtvrtou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rezervn\u00ed m\u011bnou na sv\u011bt\u011b a jej\u00ed historick\u00fd kurz nebyl poznamen\u00e1n denominac\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Pod touto fas\u00e1dou prosperity se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 nerovnosti. Soci\u00e1ln\u011b tr\u017en\u00ed ekonomika Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed sice nab\u00edz\u00ed vysok\u00fd index lidsk\u00e9ho rozvoje, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edly v p\u0159\u00edjmech v r\u00e1mci OECD. Fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed politika se ji\u017e dlouho sna\u017e\u00ed sladit dynamiku trhu se soci\u00e1ln\u00edm blahobytem, \u200b\u200ba to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee v parlamentu i mezi obyvatelstvem p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed debaty o rovnov\u00e1ze. Navzdory tomuto nap\u011bt\u00ed si britsk\u00e1 m\u011bkk\u00e1 s\u00edla zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u016fj impozantn\u00ed vliv: pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mce vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z anglick\u00e9ho zvykov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomnost angli\u010dtiny \u2013 nyn\u00ed nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho jazyka na sv\u011bt\u011b a t\u0159et\u00edho nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho rodn\u00e9ho jazyka \u2013 a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kulturn\u00edho exportu od Shakespeara po Beatles sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o kulturn\u00ed rezonanci, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 daleko za hranice t\u011bchto ostrov\u016f.<\/p>\n
Anglie, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eka \u00fazem\u00ed co do rozlohy i po\u010dtu obyvatel \u2013 s rozlohou 50 350 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil (130 395 km\u00b2) p\u0159edstavuje 53 procent celkov\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 se vyzna\u010duje dichotomick\u00fdm n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdm a vrchovi\u0161tn\u00edm ter\u00e9nem. Pod diagon\u00e1ln\u00edm ta\u017een\u00edm linie Tees-Exe le\u017e\u00ed pastora\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u011b: Norfolk Broads, South Downs, New Forest a zvln\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdhledy na Cornwall. Na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b se kopce a \u00fadol\u00ed Jezern\u00ed oblasti zvedaj\u00ed k 978 metr\u016f vysok\u00e9mu vrcholu Scafell Pike; jinde se Penniny a Yorkshire Dales vy\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed drsnou siluetu, zat\u00edmco Exmoor a Dartmoor evokuj\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e1 v\u0159esovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n
Skotsko, kter\u00e9 o rozloze 78 772 km\u00b2 (30 410 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil) zab\u00edr\u00e1 32 procent \u00fazem\u00ed, je zem\u00ed kontrast\u016f. U pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 800 ostrov\u016f \u2013 Hebridy, Orkneje, Shetlandy \u2013 zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161inu hornat\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed Vyso\u010dina. Ve vnitrozem\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed jezera Loch Lomond a Trossachs s k\u0159i\u0161\u0165\u00e1lov\u011b \u010dist\u00fdmi vodami or\u00e1movan\u00fdmi starobyl\u00fdmi lesy; d\u00e1le na sever se ty\u010d\u00ed Ben Nevis, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol Britsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f s v\u00fd\u0161kou 1 345 metr\u016f (4 413 stop). Za drsn\u00fdmi panoramaty pulzuj\u00ed kosmopolitn\u00ed Edinburgh a Glasgow architekturou, festivaly a pr\u016fmyslem.<\/p>\n
Wales, kter\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 9 procent rozlohy Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed (8 020 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil neboli 20 779 km\u00b2), se vyzna\u010duje sv\u00fdm hornat\u00fdm charakterem ve Snowdonii, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed poho\u0159\u00ed Yr Wyddfa \u2013 Snowdon \u2013 ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se do v\u00fd\u0161ky 1 085 metr\u016f. Pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Pembrokeshire s v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 704 km dlouh\u00e9 b\u0159ehov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry vyb\u00edz\u00ed k putuj\u00edc\u00edm objevitel\u016fm a Anglesey je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm z n\u011bkolika pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch ostrov\u016f, kde se vedle modern\u00edho \u017eivota udr\u017euj\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 keltsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\n
Severn\u00ed Irsko, kter\u00e9 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na plo\u0161e 14 160 km\u00b2, je definov\u00e1no zvln\u011bn\u00fdmi pahorkatinami, rozlehl\u00fdm jezerem Lough Neagh \u2013 388 km\u00b2, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm jezerem Britsk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f \u2013 a legend\u00e1rn\u00edmi \u010dedi\u010dov\u00fdmi sloupy Obrova hr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 je zaps\u00e1na na seznamu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. Jeho nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol, Slieve Donard v poho\u0159\u00ed Mournes, dosahuje 852 metr\u016f a je tich\u00fdm str\u00e1\u017ecem stalet\u00ed kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bny a konflikt\u016f.<\/p>\n
Za samotn\u00fdm Spojen\u00fdm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm le\u017e\u00ed Korunn\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 Guernsey a jeho satelity Alderney, Herm a Sark a Jersey \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich nab\u00edz\u00ed poz\u016fstatky anglo-normansk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a ob\u010das i ne\u010dekan\u00e9 klima formovan\u00e9 bl\u00edzkost\u00ed kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Francie. Ostrov Man, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uprost\u0159ed Laman\u0161sk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu, si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 keltsk\u00e9 zvyky, ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed motocyklov\u00fd z\u00e1vod TT a nejstar\u0161\u00ed parlament na sv\u011bt\u011b. D\u00e1le v okol\u00ed roz\u0161i\u0159uje dosah Koruny \u010dtrn\u00e1ct z\u00e1mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 od subtropick\u00e9 kr\u00e1sy Bermud a Kajmansk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f a\u017e po v\u011btrem o\u0161lehan\u00e9 rozlohy Britsk\u00e9 Antarktidy. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed specifick\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony a geograficky odlehl\u00fdmi stezkami.<\/p>\n
V r\u00e1mci \u010dty\u0159 zem\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed m\u011bsta a obce mozaiku p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. Lond\u00fdn, metropole bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm vlivu, p\u0159ekypuje pam\u00e1tkami \u2013 Westminsterem, Towerem, Britsk\u00fdm muzeem \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich je nit\u00ed v neust\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. Belfast, vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z m\u011bstsk\u00e9 obnovy, pulzuje tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed energi\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Bristol vyva\u017euje georgi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 fas\u00e1dy a modern\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed s n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm. Cardiffova uheln\u00e1 minulost ustupuje \u017eiv\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b u z\u00e1livu; Edinburgh, druh\u00fd v po\u010dtu n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f hned po Lond\u00fdn\u011b, po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd srpen nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00fd festival na sv\u011bt\u011b uprost\u0159ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch hradeb a sope\u010dn\u00fdch skal. Glasgow spojuje viktori\u00e1nskou n\u00e1dheru s um\u011bleckou inovac\u00ed, Liverpool znovu o\u017eivuje sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hudby a sportu a Manchester se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu desetilet\u00ed prom\u011bnil z pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho epicentra v kulturn\u00ed tavic\u00ed kotel. Starobyl\u00e9 hradby Yorku a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o tis\u00edcilet\u00edch lidsk\u00e9 tapiserie vetk\u00e1n\u00e9 do jeho uli\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n
P\u0159esto i za hranicemi t\u011bchto m\u011bstsk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed se Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v jedine\u010dn\u00fdch m\u00edstech \u017eiveln\u00e9ho dramatu. Polygon\u00e1ln\u00ed sloupy Obrova hr\u00e1ze se ty\u010d\u00ed z Atlantiku, \u00fatesy poloostrova Gower r\u00e1muj\u00ed slan\u00fd v\u00e1nek ze Swansea Bay a rozpadaj\u00edc\u00ed se kameny Hadri\u00e1nova valu vyty\u010duj\u00ed nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ambice \u0158\u00edma. Ostrov Arran, \u010dasto popisovan\u00fd jako \u201eSkotsko v miniatu\u0159e\u201c, zhu\u0161\u0165uje hory, lesy a pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed do jedin\u00e9ho v\u00fdletu, zat\u00edmco vodn\u00ed p\u00e1nve Jezern\u00ed oblasti odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed Wordsworthovy \u017ealostn\u00e9 ver\u0161e. V hlubin\u00e1ch jezera Loch Ness se pod\u00e9l starobyl\u00fdch pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed folkl\u00f3rn\u00ed pov\u011bsti a oblast Peak District l\u00e1k\u00e1 miliony lid\u00ed do sv\u00fdch dostupn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in. B\u0159idlicov\u011b pokryt\u00e9 vrcholky Snowdonie l\u00e1kaj\u00ed k v\u00fdzv\u00e1m sval\u016f i mysli a monolitick\u00e9 kameny Stonehenge, zv\u011btral\u00fdch 4 500 lety, nad\u00e1le l\u00e1kaj\u00ed u\u010dence i poutn\u00edky.<\/p>\n
Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kulturn\u011b bohat\u00e9 a ekologicky rozmanit\u00e9, politicky rozmanit\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 sjednocen\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00fdmi institucemi, dnes stoj\u00ed na k\u0159i\u017eovatce historie a modernity. Jeho konstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie a parlamentn\u00ed demokracie \u2013 rozd\u011blen\u00e9 mezi t\u0159i odli\u0161n\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, ale spojen\u00e9 pod jednou korunou \u2013 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu mezi starov\u011bk\u00fdmi zvyky a sou\u010dasnou spr\u00e1vou v\u011bc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch. Jeho ekonomika, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1rove\u0148 tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00e1 a soci\u00e1ln\u011b uv\u011bdom\u011bl\u00e1, se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s nerovnost\u00ed, i kdy\u017e ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy ve financ\u00edch a obchodu. Jeho jazyk, literatura, hudba a sport vyza\u0159uj\u00ed m\u011bkkou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 daleko p\u0159esahuje jeho fyzick\u00e9 hranice a formuje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed diskurz a identitu. Pro cestovatele, v\u011bdce nebo obyvatele nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed tyto ostrovy statick\u00fd obraz, ale neust\u00e1le se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u2013 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, v n\u011bm\u017e minulost a p\u0159\u00edtomnost neust\u00e1le hovo\u0159\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b informuj\u00ed v dialogu, kter\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 intimn\u00ed i velkolep\u00fd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Severn\u00edho Irska, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed (UK) nebo Brit\u00e1nie, je suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1t le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed u severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropy. S populac\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 67,6 milionu obyvatel v roce 2022 se Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na jihu nad Laman\u0161sk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem a na v\u00fdchod\u011b nad Severn\u00edm mo\u0159em a zauj\u00edm\u00e1 strategickou polohu v severn\u00edm Atlantsk\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Tento ostrovn\u00ed st\u00e1t, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze \u010dty\u0159 samostatn\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u2013 Anglie, Skotska, Walesu a Severn\u00edho Irska \u2013 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na celkov\u00e9 plo\u0161e 94 354 \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch mil (244 376 km\u00b2).<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4691,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12648","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12648\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4691"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}