{"id":11738,"date":"2024-09-13T17:07:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T17:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?page_id=11738"},"modified":"2026-03-12T16:41:15","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T16:41:15","slug":"sardinien","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/destinations\/europe\/italy\/sardinia\/","title":{"rendered":"Sardinie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sardinie je st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fd ostrov o rozloze 24 100 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch, na kter\u00e9m v roce 2025 \u017eilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,5 milionu obyvatel. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se z\u00e1padn\u011b od Italsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, severn\u011b od Tuniska a 16,45 km ji\u017en\u011b od Korsiky. Jako jeden z p\u011bti italsk\u00fdch region\u016f se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm statutem je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201eRegione Autonoma della Sardegna \/ Regione Aut\u00f2noma de Sardigna\u201c, rozd\u011blena do \u010dty\u0159 provinci\u00ed a metropolitn\u00edho m\u011bsta Cagliari, jeho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta a nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho centra.<\/p>\n

Status Sardinie jako autonomn\u00edho regionu odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed stalet\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 identity. Italov\u00e9 a Sardinci sd\u00edlej\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed status, zat\u00edmco algher\u0161t\u00ed, katal\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed, sas\u00e1r\u0161t\u00ed, gallur\u0161t\u00ed a tabar\u010dt\u00ed ligur\u0161t\u00ed jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1ni jako ohro\u017een\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 men\u0161iny. Samotn\u00e1 krajina zt\u011bles\u0148uje mikrokontinent: hornat\u00e9 vnitrozem\u00ed, zelen\u00e9 lesy, rozlehl\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b a 1 849 km dlouh\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duje strm\u00fdmi v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eky, \u0161irok\u00fdmi z\u00e1tokami, rias a souostrovn\u00edmi ostr\u016fvky. Na z\u00e1pad\u011b le\u017e\u00ed Sardinsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e; na v\u00fdchod\u011b Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e. Korsika se t\u00e1hne od severu p\u0159es Bonif\u00e1ck\u00fd pr\u016fliv, zat\u00edmco italsk\u00e1 pevnina, Sic\u00edlie, Tunisko, Bale\u00e1rsk\u00e9 ostrovy a Provens\u00e1lsko lemuj\u00ed r\u016f\u017eici kompasu sousedn\u00edch pevnin.<\/p>\n

Geologicky se Sardinie odli\u0161uje od sv\u00fdch st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. Jej\u00ed paleozoick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, nedot\u010den\u00fd tektonick\u00fdmi ot\u0159esy, kter\u00e9 ot\u0159\u00e1saj\u00ed Sic\u00edli\u00ed a Italsk\u00fdm poloostrovem, poskytuje starov\u011bkou \u017eulu, b\u0159idlici, trachyt, jaras (\u010dedi\u010d) a tonneri (dolomitov\u00fd v\u00e1penec). Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 eroze vytesala vrchoviny o nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce od 300 do 1 000 metr\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Punta La Marmora stoup\u00e1 a\u017e do 1 834 metr\u016f v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm poho\u0159\u00ed Gennargentu. Monte Limbara, Monte Albo, h\u0159eben Marghine\u2013Goceano, Sette Fratelli, poho\u0159\u00ed Sulcis a Monte Linas nesou jedine\u010dn\u00e9 litologick\u00e9 charakteristiky. Roviny Campidano a Nurra odd\u011bluj\u00ed tyto vrchoviny aluvi\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u00fadol\u00edmi zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.<\/p>\n

Z hydrologick\u00e9ho hlediska je na ostrov\u011b m\u00e1lo tepen, ale jsou \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Tirso, hlavn\u00ed \u0159eka Sardinie, s d\u00e9lkou 151 km te\u010de na z\u00e1pad do Sardinsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Flumendosa a Coghinas p\u0159esahuj\u00ed d\u00e9lku 115 km, zat\u00edmco um\u011bl\u00e1 jezera, jako jsou Omodeo a Coghinas, jsou z\u00e1kladem z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou a v\u00fdroby vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren. Lago di Baratz z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sladkovodn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed laguny a jez\u00edrka se slanou vodou lemuj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a jejich slan\u00e1 voda podporuje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Klimatologicky vykazuje Sardinie pozoruhodnou heterogenitu. Zem\u011bpisn\u00e1 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ka sah\u00e1 od 38\u00b051\u2032 s. \u0161. do 41\u00b018\u2032 s. \u0161., nadmo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00fd\u0161ka od hladiny mo\u0159e k alpsk\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1m. Ostrov se vyskytuj\u00ed dv\u011b makrobioklimata \u2013 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 pluvisez\u00f3nn\u00ed oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a m\u00edrn\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u2013 plus submediter\u00e1nn\u00ed varianta, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u010dty\u0159icet t\u0159i odli\u0161n\u00fdch izobioklimat. Sr\u00e1\u017eky se koncentruj\u00ed v zim\u011b a na podzim, s ob\u010dasn\u00fdmi jarn\u00edmi p\u0159eh\u00e1\u0148kami a sn\u011bhem ve vysok\u00fdch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch. Leden na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed m\u00e1 teploty 9\u201316 \u00b0C; \u010dervenec se otepluje na 23\u201331 \u00b0C. Zimy na vyso\u010din\u011b klesaj\u00ed pod bod mrazu, zat\u00edmco l\u00e9ta z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed chladn\u00e1 s teplotami 16\u201320 \u00b0C. Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jevy tento rekord zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed: cyklon Kleopatra v listopadu 2013 uvolnil 450 mm sr\u00e1\u017eek za devades\u00e1t minut; Siniscola zaznamenala 200 mm sr\u00e1\u017eek za jedin\u00fd \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fd den v roce 2009. Barometrick\u00e1 minima v Janovsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu a st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u201emedicanes\u201c p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k epizodick\u00fdm bou\u0159\u00edm. P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed vzdu\u0161nou hmotou je Mistral, such\u00fd severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00edtr, kter\u00fd vane nad ostrovem nejsiln\u011bji v zim\u011b a na ja\u0159e.<\/p>\n

Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska se Sardinie \u0159ad\u00ed na \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9 m\u00edsto mezi italsk\u00fdmi regiony podle produktivity, na sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9 m\u00edsto podle hrub\u00e9ho produktivn\u00edho produktu na obyvatele a t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu na obyvatele ji\u017en\u011b od \u0158\u00edma. V roce 2014 dos\u00e1hl nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed HDP 33,36 miliardy eur (72 procent pr\u016fm\u011bru EU) s p\u0159\u00edjmem na obyvatele 19 900 eur. Provin\u010dn\u00ed centra \u2013 Cagliari (27 545 eur), Sassari (24 006 eur), Oristano (23 887 eur), Nuoro (23 316 eur), Olbia (20 827 eur) \u2013 p\u0159ekon\u00e1vaj\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011br ostrova. Podnik\u00e1n\u00ed vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1 jak ve vnitrozem\u00ed, tak pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, v odv\u011btv\u00edch od zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a\u017e po cestovn\u00ed ruch.<\/p>\n

Dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura zahrnuje leteckou, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, silni\u010dn\u00ed a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu. T\u0159i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b \u2013 Alghero-Fertilia, Olbia-Costa Smeralda a Cagliari-Elmas \u2013 spojuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed italsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta a evropsk\u00e9 metropole, zat\u00edmco region\u00e1ln\u00ed uzly v Oristanu a Tortol\u00ec obsluhuj\u00ed vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed trasy. Denn\u00ed lety mezi Cagliari a Olbi\u00ed udr\u017euj\u00ed mobilitu mezi ostrovy; prodej vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edch letenek usnad\u0148uje cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do \u0158\u00edma a Mil\u00e1na. Historicky byla spole\u010dnost Airone, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v Cagliari v roce 1944, prvn\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dnou italskou leteckou spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Air Italy, p\u016fvodn\u011b jako Alisarda v roce 1963 za vl\u00e1dy Aga Ch\u00e1na IV., katalyzovala vzestup Costa Smeraldy jako luxusn\u00ed destinace.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed tepny protk\u00e1vaj\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Porto Torres, p\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav na Sardinii, doprov\u00e1z\u00ed trajekty provozovan\u00e9 spole\u010dnostmi Tirrenia, Moby, Corsica Ferries, Grandi Navi Veloci, Grimaldi a Corsica Linea do Civitavecchia, Janov, Livorno, Neapol, Palermo, Trapani, Piombino, Marseille, Toulon, Bonifacio, Barcelona a Propriano Ajo Barcelona. Olbia, Santa Teresa Gallura a Palau obsluhuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Cagliari kotv\u00ed slu\u017eby nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00fdm mo\u0159em. V r\u00e1mci souostrov\u00ed spojuj\u00ed Caronte & Tourist a Delcomar La Maddalena a San Pietro; pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je poseto zhruba \u010dty\u0159iceti turistick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstavy.<\/p>\n

Silnice se vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed m\u00fdtn\u00e9mu. Silnice SS 131 \u201eCarlo Felice\u201c spojuje Cagliari s Porto Torres pod\u00e9l evropsk\u00e9 trasy E25. Dvouproudov\u00e1 supertrasa spojuje Oristano, Olbii, Sassari, Alghero, Tempio Pausania, Tortol\u00ec, Iglesias a Nuoro. Vedlej\u0161\u00ed silnice se klikat\u00ed horami, co\u017e omezuje rychlost. Sardinie vede v It\u00e1lii v m\u00ed\u0159e motorizace \u2013 613 vozidel na tis\u00edc obyvatel \u2013 co\u017e vy\u017eaduje zlep\u0161en\u00ed dopravn\u00edch tepen a postupn\u00e9 ru\u0161en\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatek na \u00farovni ter\u00e9nu. Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 autobusy spole\u010dnosti ARST proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00ed ka\u017edou osadou, a\u010dkoli v \u0159\u00eddce os\u00eddlen\u00fdch oblastech p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na automobilech. M\u011bstsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b funguj\u00ed ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, v\u010detn\u011b Cagliari, Sassari, Oristana, Alghera, Nuora, Carbonie a Olbie.<\/p>\n

\u017deleznice evokuj\u00ed romantickou \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed turistiku a modern\u00ed spojen\u00ed. Dieselov\u00e9 lokomotivy Trenitalia \u2013 a od roku 2015 i nakl\u00e1p\u011bc\u00ed jednotky CAF ATR 365 a ATR 465 \u2013 obsluhuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed trat\u011b. \u00dazkorozchodn\u00e9 trat\u011b ARST se pomalu klikat\u00ed, s v\u00fdjimkou elektrifikovan\u00fdch tramvajov\u00fdch vlak\u016f v metropolitn\u00edch oblastech Cagliari a Sassari. Trenino Verde se star\u00fdmi vag\u00f3ny a parn\u00edmi lokomotivami se vine odlehl\u00fdmi \u00fadol\u00edmi a otev\u00edr\u00e1 panoramata nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 po silnici.<\/p>\n

Lidsk\u00e1 historie Sardinie sah\u00e1 tis\u00edcilet\u00ed. Hypogeick\u00e9 domus de janas, hroby obr\u016f, menhiry, dolmeny, chr\u00e1my se studnami a stejnojmenn\u00e9 nuraghi \u2013 megalitick\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee z doby bronzov\u00e9 \u2013 jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny po cel\u00e9m ostrov\u011b. F\u00e9ni\u010dt\u00ed a pun\u0161t\u00ed obchodn\u00edci zakl\u00e1dali pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed osady a zanech\u00e1vali po sob\u011b hradby a m\u011bstsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed otisk p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v amfite\u00e1trech, akvaduktech, vil\u00e1ch a pal\u00e1ci Re Barbara v Porto Torres. Ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 baziliky a byzantsk\u00e9 kaple prol\u00ednaj\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 prostory po cel\u00e9m ostrov\u011b.<\/p>\n

Rom\u00e1nsk\u00e1 architektura vzkv\u00e9tala za judik\u00e1tu. Po\u010d\u00ednaje jeden\u00e1ct\u00fdm stolet\u00edm dov\u00e1\u017eely mni\u0161sk\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy \u0159emesln\u00edky z Pisy, Lombardie, Provence a Al-Andalus, kte\u0159\u00ed vytvo\u0159ili jedine\u010dn\u00fd sardinsk\u00fd rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd styl. Bazilika San Gavino v Porto Torres krystalizuje f\u00fazi. Existuje mnoho p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f: Sant'Antioco di Bisarcio, San Pietro di Sorres, San Nicola di Ottana, Santa Maria del Regno, Santa Giusta, Tergu, Saccargia, Santa Maria di Monserrato a San Pantaleo. Vojensk\u00e1 opevn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 v\u011b\u017ee v Cagliari, Castello di Acquafredda \u2013 hovo\u0159\u00ed o feud\u00e1ln\u00edch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Katal\u00e1nsk\u00e1 gotika dorazila s Aragonci v roce 1324. Svatyn\u011b Panny Marie z Bonarie a aragonsk\u00e1 kaple v Cagliari sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o ibersk\u00e9m vlivu. Komplex San Domenico ze 14. stolet\u00ed (nyn\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ztracen\u00fd) a kl\u00e1\u0161tery San Francesco, Sant'Eulalia a San Giacomo p\u0159e\u017eily v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 pusto\u0161en\u00ed. Alghersko San Francesco a katedr\u00e1la signalizuj\u00ed gotick\u00fd lexikon v katal\u00e1nsk\u00e9 enkl\u00e1v\u011b.<\/p>\n

Renesan\u010dn\u00ed formy se objevuj\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddm\u011b: katedr\u00e1la San Nicola v Sassari, cagliarsk\u00fd Sant'Agostino (od Paleara Fratina), sassarsk\u00e1 Santa Caterina (od Giovanniho Bernardoniho). Baroko vzkv\u00e9talo od sedmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159elo fas\u00e1dy a olt\u00e1\u0159e v Cagliari, Sassari, Ales a Oristanu. Neoklasicismus se rozvinul v devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm cagliarsk\u00fdch Gaetana Cimy, Giuseppeho Cominottiho a Antonia Cana; sassarsk\u00fd novogotick\u00fd Palazzo Giordano ohla\u0161oval revivalismus. Eklekticismus dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a secese se sb\u00edhaj\u00ed v cagliarsk\u00e9 radnici. Racionalismus fa\u0161istick\u00e9 \u00e9ry dal vzniknout Fertillii, Arborei a Carbonii, jednomu z p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fdch racionalistick\u00fdch nov\u00fdch m\u011bst v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n

Kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 tradice vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z pastevectv\u00ed a mo\u0159e. Maso, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, obiloviny a zelenina jsou z\u00e1kladem stravy, dopln\u011bn\u00e9 humrem, olihn\u011bmi, tu\u0148\u00e1kem a bottargou. Porcheddu, sel\u00e1tko pe\u010den\u00e9 na ro\u017eni, a sirbone, divo\u010d\u00e1k du\u0161en\u00fd s fazolemi a chlebem, vyza\u0159uj\u00ed rustik\u00e1ln\u00ed vitalitu. Bylinn\u00e9 myrtov\u00e9 a m\u00e1tov\u00e9 parf\u00e9mov\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dky. Chl\u00e9b \u2013 coccoi pintau, civraxiu, pistoccu \u2013 se pohybuje od ozdobn\u00fdch slavnostn\u00edch kol\u00e1\u010d\u016f a\u017e po utilit\u00e1rn\u00ed pasteveck\u00e9 bochn\u00edky. Pane carasau, tenk\u00fd plack\u00fd chl\u00e9b, vy\u017eaduje t\u0159i \u0159emesln\u00edky k hn\u011bten\u00ed, vyfouknut\u00ed do puch\u00fd\u0159ovit\u00fdch koul\u00ed a kr\u00e1jen\u00ed na bramb\u016frky v rozp\u00e1len\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 peci. S\u00fdr \u2013 pecorino sardo, pecorino romano, casizolu, ricotta a kontroverzn\u00ed casu martzu \u2013 zt\u011bles\u0148uje tradici i tabu.<\/p>\n

Vina\u0159stv\u00ed a destilace vzkv\u00e9taj\u00ed: Cannonau, Malvasia, Vernaccia, Vermentino; abbardente, filu ferru, mirto. Pivo kraluje celost\u00e1tn\u011b, Sardinci spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed dvakr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e italsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. Birra Ichnusa vede m\u00edstn\u00ed trh.<\/p>\n

Rekrea\u010dn\u00ed aktivity odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed sardinsk\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed mo\u0159e a vnitrozem\u00ed. Pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed aktivity \u2013 plav\u00e1n\u00ed, plavba lod\u00ed, windsurfing \u2013 dominuj\u00ed na Costa Smeralda, a\u010dkoli srpnov\u00fd zenit p\u0159itahuje davy. Tich\u00e9 vnitrozem\u00ed odm\u011b\u0148uje trp\u011bliv\u00e9 objevov\u00e1n\u00ed: p\u011b\u0161\u00ed turistika po nuragick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch, archeologick\u00e1 turistika zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na Giganty z Mont'e Prama a v\u00fdlety do p\u0159\u00edrody s n\u00edzk\u00fdm dopadem na p\u0159\u00edrodu. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Asinara, proslul\u00fd alb\u00ednsk\u00fdmi osly, a souostrov\u00ed La Maddalena okouzluj\u00ed milovn\u00edky mo\u0159e. Sant'Antioco a San Pietro zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed janovsk\u00e9 ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1\u017ee se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed rozmanitost\u00ed: t\u0159pytiv\u00fd p\u00edsek Stintina; zvln\u011bn\u00e9 duny Budoni; skryt\u00e9 z\u00e1toky Cala Gonone; rezav\u011b zbarven\u00e9 \u017euly Arbataxu; klidn\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Muravery; jisk\u0159iv\u00e1 rozloha Villasimiusu; rozlehl\u00e9 duny Chie; archeologick\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Puly; alabastrov\u00fd p\u00edsek Porto Pino; ty\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se duny Piscinas. Podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b Alghera l\u00e1kaj\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de do sv\u011bteln\u00fdch jeskyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kopce a vrcholky skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed skromnou maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed nadmo\u0159skou v\u00fd\u0161ku ostrova. Sn\u011bhovou krajinu Gennargentu obklopuj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e1 st\u0159ediska. Domusnovas l\u00e1k\u00e1 horolezce k z\u00e1vratn\u00fdm v\u00e1pencov\u00fdm st\u011bn\u00e1m. Krasov\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b v Dorgali, Olien\u011b, Santadi, Fluminimaggiore a Algheru l\u00e1kaj\u00ed jesky\u0148\u00e1\u0159e. Klikat\u00e9 stezky prot\u00ednaj\u00ed dubov\u00e9 h\u00e1je, duby cesm\u00ednov\u00e9 a st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 k\u0159oviny, a\u010dkoli zna\u010den\u00ed je st\u00e1le \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9. Izolace vnitrozem\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1, pl\u00e1\u017ee se zapl\u0148uj\u00ed a drsn\u00e9 vrchoviny jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Pam\u00e1tky vyva\u017euj\u00ed vz\u00e1cnost a v\u00fdznam. Nuraghi se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 na \u00fazem\u00ed Barumini Su Nuraxi UNESCO. Tharros, Nora, Monte Sirai a Antas evokuj\u00ed f\u00e9nick\u00e9, kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 epochy. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd urbanismus p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v Bose a Burgosu. Ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 baziliky se ty\u010d\u00ed na \u00fatesech. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 archeologie je ukryta v dolech Sulcis-Iglesiente. Muzea \u2013 Sardinsk\u00e9 muzeum antropologie a etnografie, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 muzeum v Cagliari, Sardinsk\u00e9 etnografick\u00e9 muzeum v Nuoro \u2013 nab\u00edzej\u00ed odborn\u00e9 port\u00e1ly do sardinsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Sardinie zauj\u00edm\u00e1 ve st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9m pov\u011bdom\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edsto: zemi geologick\u00e9 starobylosti a kulturn\u00edho palimpsestu, kde odlehl\u00e1 \u00fadol\u00ed ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed tis\u00edcilet\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed v\u00fdhledy z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fdm sv\u011btlem. Je to ostrov pln\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f i stroh\u00fd, kter\u00fd si svou element\u00e1rn\u00ed krajinou, architektonick\u00fdmi miln\u00edky a kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly bud\u00ed \u00factu. Ve sv\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159i a komplexnosti Sardinie nevyb\u00edz\u00ed k pod\u00edvan\u00e9, ale k rozj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 pozv\u00e1n\u00ed adresovan\u00e9 t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed pozoruj\u00ed s trp\u011blivost\u00ed a respektem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00e9ma<\/th>\nKl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy<\/th>\nPopis (zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Zem\u011bpis<\/td>\nSt\u0159edozemn\u00ed mo\u0159e, Bonif\u00e1ck\u00fd pr\u016fliv, Sardinsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, izobioklimata<\/td>\nSardinie je velk\u00fd st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fd ostrov s rozmanitou krajinou, v\u010detn\u011b hor, n\u00ed\u017ein a 1 849 km dlouh\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Je geologicky starobyl\u00fd a m\u00e1 rozmanit\u00e9 klima nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sv\u00fdm ter\u00e9nem.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Jazyk a autonomie<\/td>\nAutonomn\u00ed oblast Sardinie, Algherese, Sassarese, Gallurese, Tabarchino<\/td>\nSardinie je autonomn\u00ed italsk\u00fd region s uznan\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi men\u0161inami a odli\u0161nou identitou odd\u011blenou od pevninsk\u00e9 It\u00e1lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Geologie<\/td>\nPaleozoikum, \u017eula, b\u0159idlice, trachyt, \u010dedi\u010d, dolomit, v\u00e1penec, eroze<\/td>\nOstrov m\u00e1 starobyl\u00fd geologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi typy hornin a nen\u00ed tektonicky aktivn\u00ed jako pevninsk\u00e1 It\u00e1lie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hydrologie<\/td>\nTirso, Flumendosa, Coghinas, Omodeo, Lago di Baratz<\/td>\n\u0158eky a um\u011bl\u00e1 jezera na Sardinii poskytuj\u00ed nezbytnou vodu a energii. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed sladk\u00e1 voda je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Podneb\u00ed<\/td>\nSt\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9, m\u00edrn\u00e9 oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9, mistral, cykl\u00f3n Kleopatra<\/td>\nKlima ostrova se pohybuje od tepl\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a\u017e po chladn\u00e9 hory s ob\u010dasn\u00fdmi extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi pov\u011btrnostn\u00edmi vlivy. Mistr\u00e1l utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ekonomika<\/td>\nHRP, produktivita, provin\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem<\/td>\nSardinie m\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u00ed ekonomickou produktivitu, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem na obyvatele ji\u017en\u011b od \u0158\u00edma a rozmanitou ekonomiku, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje cestovn\u00ed ruch a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Doprava<\/td>\nLeti\u0161t\u011b, Porto Torres, SS 131, Zelen\u00fd vlak<\/td>\nSardinie je dostupn\u00e1 letecky, po mo\u0159i, silnic\u00ed a \u017eeleznic\u00ed, se t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi leti\u0161ti a rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm trajektov\u00fdm spojen\u00edm. Silnice jsou bezplatn\u00e9 a vlaky slou\u017e\u00ed jak turist\u016fm, tak m\u00edstn\u00edm obyvatel\u016fm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Historie a architektura<\/td>\nNuraghi, f\u00e9nick\u00e9, rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9, katal\u00e1nsk\u00e1 gotika, baroko, neoklasicismus, racionalismus<\/td>\nLidsk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed sah\u00e1 tis\u00edcilet\u00ed do minulosti. Architektonick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed zahrnuje v\u011b\u017ee z doby bronzov\u00e9, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, gotick\u00e9 kostely a pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 m\u011bsta z doby fa\u0161ismu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kuchyn\u011b<\/td>\nPorcheddu, sirbone, carasau chl\u00e9b, pecorino, casu martzu, Cannonau, myrta, pivo Ichnusa<\/td>\nSardinsk\u00e1 kuchyn\u011b v sob\u011b m\u00eds\u00ed pastor\u00e1ln\u00ed a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed prvky a nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 druhy masa, s\u00fdry, pe\u010divo a n\u00e1poje, v\u010detn\u011b m\u00edstn\u011b proslul\u00e9ho piva Birra Ichnusa.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Turismus a p\u0159\u00edroda<\/td>\nCosta Smeralda, Asinara, Gennargentu, Green Train, Cala Gonone<\/td>\nMezi atrakce pat\u0159\u00ed pl\u00e1\u017ee a mo\u0159sk\u00e9 parky, turistick\u00e9 stezky a historick\u00e9 \u017eeleznice. Turist\u00e9 mohou prozkoumat pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed letoviska nebo odlehl\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kultura a pam\u00e1tky<\/td>\nSu Nuraxi, Tharros, Nora, muzea<\/td>\nD\u011bdictv\u00ed Sardinie zahrnuje prehistorick\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky, starov\u011bk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 m\u00edsta a modern\u00ed muzea p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed archeologii a etnografii.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
\n<\/article>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sardinie, druh\u00fd nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrov ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u011b od Italsk\u00e9ho poloostrova, severn\u011b od Tuniska a zhruba 16,45 kilometr\u016f ji\u017en\u011b od Korsiky. Sardinie s v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,6 miliony obyvatel je jedn\u00edm z dvaceti italsk\u00fdch region\u016f a m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd status autonomn\u00edho regionu ud\u011blen\u00e9ho podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010ditou \u00farove\u0148 samospr\u00e1vy.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3505,"parent":11663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11738","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11738\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}