Palermo, kde \u017eije p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 626 000 obyvatel v r\u00e1mci m\u011bstsk\u00fdch hranic a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,2 milionu obyvatel v r\u00e1mci metropolitn\u00ed oblasti, zab\u00edr\u00e1 plochu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 159 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch v severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm kvadrantu Sic\u00edlie, kde se p\u00e1nev Conca d'Oro setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s Palermsk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem na Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/p>\n
Po\u010d\u00e1tky Palerma sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do roku 734 p\u0159. n. l., kdy f\u00e9ni\u010dt\u00ed mo\u0159eplavci zalo\u017eili ostrov Isla Palermo jako Sis, \u201ekv\u011btina\u201c. Kart\u00e1go si brzy upevnilo svou autoritu a razilo mince s n\u00e1pisem Panormos pot\u00e9, co se kolem poloviny p\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. slou\u010dily \u0159eck\u00e9 osady. Pod \u0159\u00edmskou z\u00e1\u0161titou Panormos vzkv\u00e9tal v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, ne\u017e se ho v roce 831 n. l. zmocnily arabsk\u00e9 s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 jej p\u0159ejmenovaly na Balarm a zah\u00e1jily \u00e9ru kulturn\u00edho rozkladu, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsto nejprve slou\u017eilo jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Sic\u00edlie. Normansk\u00e9 dobyt\u00ed v roce 1072 ohla\u0161ovalo dal\u0161\u00ed transformaci; do roku 1130 se Palermo stalo dynastick\u00fdm srdcem nov\u00e9ho Sic\u00edlsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159etrvalo a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
P\u0159\u00edliv a odliv dobyvatel\u016f obda\u0159il Palermo jazykovou mozaikou. Modern\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 \u2013 Palermitan\u00e9 nebo, v poetick\u00e9m rejst\u0159\u00edku, panormiti \u2013 mluv\u00ed spisovnou ital\u0161tinou a palermit\u00e1n\u0161tinou, sicilsk\u00fdm dialektem pros\u00e1kl\u00fdm arabsko-normansk\u00fdmi intonacemi. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00fd katolicismus prostupuje ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm \u017eivotem; ka\u017ed\u00fd 15. \u010dervence o\u017eivuje sv\u00e1tek Santa Rosalia ulice a n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi ob\u0159ady.<\/p>\n
Palermo, geograficky ohrani\u010den\u00e9 \u0159ekami Papireto, Kemonia a Oreto, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v Conca d'Oro neboli Zlat\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi, \u00farodn\u00e9 kotlin\u011b, kterou v dev\u00e1t\u00e9m stolet\u00ed pok\u0159tili Arabov\u00e9. M\u011bsto je obklopeno horami, kter\u00e9 se prudce sva\u017euj\u00ed k Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, a siluetu m\u011bsta zdob\u00ed Monte Pellegrino, \u201enejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek sv\u011bta\u201c podle Johanna Wolfganga von Goetha, spolu s men\u0161\u00edmi vrcholy, jako je La Pizzuta, kter\u00e1 se ty\u010d\u00ed do v\u00fd\u0161ky 1 333 metr\u016f. Z t\u011bchto vrchol\u016f se otev\u00edraj\u00ed v\u00fdhledy na p\u0159\u00edstav \u2013 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil f\u00e9nick\u00fdm obchodn\u00edk\u016fm i modern\u00edm v\u00fdletn\u00edm lod\u00edm.<\/p>\n
M\u00edrn\u00e9 subtropick\u00e9 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 klima m\u011bsta se vyzna\u010duje d\u00e9letrvaj\u00edc\u00edmi hork\u00fdmi a such\u00fdmi l\u00e9ty, zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdmi no\u010dn\u00edm v\u00e1nkem, a m\u00edrn\u00fdmi rozmarn\u00fdmi zimami. Palermo m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b 2 530 hodin slune\u010dn\u00edho svitu ro\u010dn\u011b a teplotu okoln\u00edho vzduchu zhruba 18 \u00b0C. Sn\u00edh je st\u00e1le vz\u00e1cnou pod\u00edvanou, od 40. let 20. stolet\u00ed pokryl dla\u017eebn\u00ed kostky jen p\u016fl tuctukr\u00e1t; kdy\u017e u\u017e napadl, zejm\u00e9na v letech 1949 a 1956, m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 se ocitli na prchav\u00fdch z\u00e1v\u011bj\u00edch. Mo\u0159e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pozemsk\u00e9 teplo a m\u011bn\u00ed se z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 mraziv\u00fdch \u00fanorov\u00fdch minim 14 \u00b0C na mdl\u00fdch srpnov\u00fdch maxim 26 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Architektonick\u00fd palimpsest se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d stalet\u00edmi a styly. M\u011bstsk\u00e1 struktury Palerma odhaluj\u00ed rom\u00e1nskou strohost, gotickou vertikalitu, barokn\u00ed opulentnost a kv\u011btinovou bujnost secese. Zaps\u00e1n\u00ed na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho arabsko-normansk\u00e9 pam\u00e1tky: Palazzo Reale s Cappella Palatina; rum\u011blkov\u00e9 kupole kostela San Giovanni degli Eremiti; byzantsk\u00e9 mozaiky Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio; stroh\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 st\u0159echy kostela San Cataldo; portikus katedr\u00e1ly s katal\u00e1nsk\u00fdm vlivem, kde Fridrich II. ulo\u017eil porfyrov\u00e9 sarkof\u00e1gy; pal\u00e1c Zisa; a most Ponte dell'Ammiraglio, kter\u00fd se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159es splavn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o vrstv\u00e1ch dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a synt\u00e9zy.<\/p>\n
Krom\u011b c\u00edrkevn\u00ed velkoleposti evokuj\u00ed palermsk\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed kapuc\u00ednsk\u00e9 katakomby \u0161erosvit smrtelnosti a v klenut\u00fdch galeri\u00edch uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed na osm tis\u00edc mumifikovan\u00fdch ostatk\u016f. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed barokn\u00ed kostel Ges\u00f9 \u2013 postaven\u00fd na konci \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00fd skr\u00fdv\u00e1 svou polychromovanou mramorovou virtuozitu za skromn\u00fdm pr\u016f\u010del\u00edm a signalizuje n\u00e1stup sicilsk\u00e9ho baroka.<\/p>\n
Trhy ve Vuccirii, Ballar\u00f2 a Capu pulzuj\u00ed barevn\u00fdmi \u0159adami citrus\u016f, tradi\u010dn\u00ed zeleniny a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plod\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tak ka\u017edodenn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed sc\u00e9nu, kter\u00e1 po stalet\u00ed o\u017eivuje \u017eivot obyvatel Palerma. Gastronomie zde prol\u00edn\u00e1 arabsk\u00e9 ko\u0159en\u00ed, normansk\u00e9 m\u00e1slo, \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 citrusy a italsk\u00fd olivov\u00fd olej do jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho lexikonu.<\/p>\n
Palermo, administrativn\u00ed centrum Sic\u00edlie, \u0159\u00edd\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed finance, obchod a cestovn\u00ed ruch. Jeho ekonomika se op\u00edr\u00e1 o slu\u017eby, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, stavbu lod\u00ed a podzemn\u00ed trh, kter\u00fd zast\u00edn\u00ed legitimn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 poz\u016fstatek napjat\u00e9ho zapojen\u00ed m\u011bsta do organizovan\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leteck\u00e9 spojen\u00ed p\u0159es leti\u0161t\u011b Falcone-Borsellino a drobn\u00e9 p\u0159estupy v Boccadifalcu nicm\u00e9n\u011b urychluj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu.<\/p>\n
Spojen\u00ed se roz\u0161i\u0159uje po \u017eeleznici, autobusech a silnic\u00edch. Palermsk\u00e1 metropolitn\u00ed \u017eeleznice zaji\u0161\u0165uje dopravu doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch; autobusov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 AMAT se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 na 340 kilometrech tras; \u010dty\u0159i tramvajov\u00e9 linky spojuj\u00ed Roccella, Borgo Nuovo, CEP a Calatafimi se stanic\u00ed Notarbartolo. K\u0159i\u017euj\u00ed se zde silni\u010dn\u00ed tepny A19, A29 a A20, kter\u00e9 integruj\u00ed m\u011bsto do transkontinent\u00e1ln\u00edho koridoru E90. N\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed trasy p\u0159eprav\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b dva miliony cestuj\u00edc\u00edch a n\u00e1klad o objemu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se p\u011bti milion\u016fm; trajekty odplouvaj\u00ed do Cagliari, Janova, Tunisu a d\u00e1le, zat\u00edmco v p\u0159\u00edstavu kotv\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 jachty.<\/p>\n
Demograficky \u017eilo v m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 855 285 obyvatel, co\u017e je p\u00e1t\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed metropolitn\u00ed aglomerace v It\u00e1lii. V roce 2010 \u017eil v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm regionu 1,2 milionu obyvatel, z toho 47,4 procenta mu\u017e\u016f a 52,6 procenta \u017een. Ml\u00e1de\u017e do patn\u00e1cti let tvo\u0159ila 15,6 procenta; d\u016fchodci 17,2 procenta \u2013 co\u017e je odchylka od celost\u00e1tn\u00edho pr\u016fm\u011bru. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk je 40,4 let. Pokles populace na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eel odliv obyvatel z p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00ed a migra\u010dn\u00ed tahy na sever. M\u00edra porodnosti se pohybuje kolem 10,2 na tis\u00edc obyvatel, co\u017e je nepatrn\u011b nad italsk\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem. Imigranti, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e t\u0159i procenta z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z ji\u017en\u00ed Asie, severn\u00ed Afriky a dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n
Vina\u0159stv\u00ed Palerma je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 d\u00edky vina\u0159stv\u00ed Tasca d'Almerita, Duca di Salaparuta, Corvo a Planeta, kter\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed sicilsk\u00e9 odr\u016fdy na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy. Lod\u011bnice v p\u0159\u00edstavu a mechanick\u00e9 d\u00edlny ve vnitrozem\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o trval\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kompetenci spolu s rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se sektorem slu\u017eeb.<\/p>\n
Iniciativy na obnovu m\u011bst si kladou za c\u00edl p\u0159etvo\u0159it Palermo v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd k\u00e1men evropsko-st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho okraje a vyv\u00e1\u017eit ochranu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed s modernizac\u00ed infrastruktury. Projekty p\u0159estavby se zam\u011b\u0159ily na historick\u00e9 \u010dtvrti a dopravn\u00ed uzly a sna\u017eily se sladit pal\u00e1ce z osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed s po\u017eadavky jednadvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
B\u011bhem sv\u00e9 2 700let\u00e9 odysey Palermo vst\u0159ebalo nespo\u010det vliv\u016f \u2013 f\u00e9nickou horlivost, \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, arabskou kultivovanost, normansk\u00e9 ambice, \u0161pan\u011blskou byrokratizaci. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 epocha vepsala sv\u016fj podpis do kamene, jazyka a zvyk\u016f. Mozaika kultur m\u011bsta nep\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 jako statick\u00e1 relikvie, ale jako vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se organismus.<\/p>\n
V azurov\u00e9m sv\u011btle \u00fasvitu se palermsk\u00e9 kopule a v\u011b\u017ee vyno\u0159uj\u00ed ze st\u00ednu a jeho labyrint uli\u010dek vyza\u0159uje historii. Puls trh\u016f, zvon\u011bn\u00ed zvon\u016f, \u0161um\u011bn\u00ed tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho v\u00e1nku v palmov\u00fdch listech \u2013 to v\u0161e se sl\u00e9v\u00e1 do m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu o odolnosti. Palermo je z\u00e1rove\u0148 artefaktem i \u017eivouc\u00ed kronikou \u2013 v\u00fdmluvn\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o n\u00e1dhe\u0159e i rozporech st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 civilizace.<\/p>\n
| T\u00e9ma<\/th>\n | Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy<\/th>\n | Popis (zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
|---|---|---|
| Geografie a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/td>\n | Conca d'Oro, Tyrh\u00e9nsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Monte Pellegrino<\/td>\n | Palermo le\u017e\u00ed v severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Sic\u00edlii, obklopen\u00e9 \u0159ekami a horami pobl\u00ed\u017e mo\u0159e.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Historick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed<\/td>\n | F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u00e9, \u0158\u00edman\u00e9, Arabov\u00e9, Norman\u00e9<\/td>\n | Zalo\u017eeno v roce 734 p\u0159. n. l.; formov\u00e1no n\u011bkolika \u0159\u00ed\u0161emi; b\u00fdval\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Sic\u00edlsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Jazyk a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/td>\n | Palermitan, Arabsko-Norman, Santa Rosalia<\/td>\n | Mluv\u00ed italsky a dialekty; p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkve.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Architektura a pam\u00e1tky<\/td>\n | UNESCO, arabsko-normansk\u00e9, barokn\u00ed<\/td>\n | V\u00edcedob\u00e9 styly s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi pam\u00e1tkami UNESCO, jako je Cappella Palatina a San Giovanni.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Trhy a kuchyn\u011b<\/td>\n | Vucciria, Ballar\u00f2, Citrus, Olivov\u00fd olej<\/td>\n | Trhy m\u00eds\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed produkty se stalet\u00fdmi kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi tradicemi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Palermo, dynamick\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Sic\u00edlie, je m\u011bsto bohat\u00e9 na historii a kulturu, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed ostrova. Palermo, se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed populac\u00ed asi 676 000 a m\u011bstskou populac\u00ed odhadovanou na 855 285, je p\u0159\u00edkladem bohat\u00e9 struktury st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 civilizace. Toto historick\u00e9 m\u011bsto, zalo\u017een\u00e9 F\u00e9ni\u010dany v roce 734 p\u0159. n. l., slou\u017eilo jako kulturn\u00ed k\u0159i\u017eovatka ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 2 700 let, ovliv\u0148uje jeho osobitou identitu a m\u00e1 trval\u00fd dopad na jeho architekturu, j\u00eddlo a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3378,"parent":11663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11714","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11714\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3378"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} |