Monza s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 123 000 obyvateli a rozlohou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 33 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch le\u017e\u00ed patn\u00e1ct kilometr\u016f severo-severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Mil\u00e1na v italsk\u00e9m regionu Lombardie. Toto m\u011bsto \u2013 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto provincie Monza a Brianza od 11. \u010dervna 2004, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed vstoupilo v platnost v roce 2009 \u2013 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na rozlehl\u00e9 rovin\u011b, kde Brianza p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do P\u00e1dsk\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017einy. V sob\u011b spojuje bohatou minulost s dynamickou sou\u010dasnost\u00ed. M\u011bsto je ohrani\u010deno klikatou \u0159ekou Lambro, obklopeno jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch park\u016f v Evropy a vyzna\u010duje se z\u00e1vodn\u00edm okruhem Grand Prix, Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, kter\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svol\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1\u0161nivou podporu fanou\u0161k\u016f Ferrari.<\/p>\n
P\u016fvod Monzy sah\u00e1 a\u017e do starov\u011bku, kdy ji \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 naz\u00fdvali Modoetia a pozd\u011bji ji zapsali do historie lombardsk\u00e9ho dvora kr\u00e1lovny Theodelindy. B\u011bhem st\u0159edov\u011bku a ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku m\u011bsto vydr\u017eelo t\u0159icet dva obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 hradby byly z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti rozebr\u00e1ny \u2013 a\u017e na Porta d'Agrate \u2013 kdy\u017e rakousk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady v osmn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed p\u0159etvo\u0159ily m\u011bstskou krajinu. Samotn\u00fd Lambro, kter\u00fd byl ve \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed pro obrann\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely odklon\u011bn do um\u011bl\u00e9ho rozdvojen\u00ed zvan\u00e9ho Lambretto, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm prvkem. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inovace, Canale Villoresi z konce 19. stolet\u00ed, prot\u00edn\u00e1 severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed okraj Monzy a kdysi poh\u00e1n\u011bl strojn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se ml\u00fdn\u016f.<\/p>\n
Co se t\u00fd\u010de hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 situace, Monza se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obec v Lombardii a je hlavn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm, administrativn\u00edm a kulturn\u00edm centrem Brianzy. Textiln\u00ed sektor, zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd v inovac\u00edch devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, st\u00e1le prosperuje vedle v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho vydavatelsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu. M\u011bsto host\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159skou a sociologickou fakultu Univerzity Milano-Bicocca, zemsk\u00fd soud a \u00fa\u0159ady region\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vy. Jeho klima, klasifikovan\u00e9 jako subst\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 typick\u00e9 pro P\u00e1dskou n\u00ed\u017einu, se vyzna\u010duje chladn\u00fdmi a kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi zimami \u2013 s pr\u016fm\u011brnou teplotou kolem 2 \u00b0C v lednu \u2013 a l\u00e9ty, kter\u00e1 v \u010dervenci dosahuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 23 \u00b0C. Sr\u00e1\u017eky se koncentruj\u00ed na podzim; nicm\u00e9n\u011b okoln\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u011b z\u0159\u00eddka za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 sucho a zimn\u00ed sn\u00edh \u2013 kdysi \u010dast\u00fd na konci dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 nyn\u00ed dosahuje pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b asi 25 centimetr\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b.<\/p>\n
V srdci Monzy se ty\u010d\u00ed D\u00f3m svat\u00e9ho Jana s \u010dernob\u00edlou mramorovou fas\u00e1dou postavenou v polovin\u011b \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. Zru\u010dn\u00e1 ark\u00e1da Mattea da Campioneho dod\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u011bstu rytmickou eleganci, zat\u00edmco siluetu m\u011bsta pro\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1 zvonice Pellegrino Tibaldi z roku 1606. Pod klenut\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem le\u017e\u00ed poz\u016fstatky v\u011b\u0161tby kr\u00e1lovny Theodelindy ze \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed: kaple Theodelindy, kdysi samostatn\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00ed stavba s \u0159eck\u00fdm k\u0159\u00ed\u017eem. Fresky kaple, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 na konci t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, evokuj\u00ed sc\u00e9ny z kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 korunovace Lombardie a jej\u00ed pokladnice chr\u00e1n\u00ed \u017deleznou korunu Lombardie \u2013 o n\u00ed\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee obsahuje h\u0159eb\u00edk z Uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 spolu se zlat\u00fdm h\u0159ebenem a v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159em Theodelindy, gotick\u00fdmi relikvi\u00e1\u0159i a pozlacenou slepic\u00ed se sedmi ku\u0159aty symbolizuj\u00edc\u00edmi starobyl\u00e9 provincie regionu.<\/p>\n
Historick\u00e9 centrum Monzy se odv\u00edj\u00ed jako \u0159ada \u00factyhodn\u00fdch budov, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 zt\u011bles\u0148uje jednu kapitolu ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd kostel Santa Maria in Strada, postaven\u00fd v roce 1393, se py\u0161n\u00ed zdobenou terakotovou fas\u00e1dou, kter\u00e1 se t\u0159pyt\u00ed pod severn\u00edm sluncem. Nedaleko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed Broletto neboli Arengario ze 14. stolet\u00ed, kde se kdysi konala shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed obchodn\u00edk\u016f a magistr\u00e1t\u016f na vrcholu sv\u00fdch \u0161pi\u010dat\u00fdch oblouk\u016f a pod dohledem machiolatn\u00ed v\u011b\u017ee korunovan\u00e9 ku\u017eelovitou v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Kostel San Pietro Martire a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 Santa Maria delle Grazie sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o zbo\u017en\u00e9m patron\u00e1tu z 15. stolet\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Santa Maria al Carrobiolo ze 16. stolet\u00ed a Oratorium sv. \u0158eho\u0159e ze 17. stolet\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed vlny architektonick\u00e9ho zdokonalov\u00e1n\u00ed. V listopadu 1900 architekti vysv\u011btili kapli sm\u00edr\u010d\u00edch dn\u016f v Monze na m\u00edst\u011b atent\u00e1tu na kr\u00e1le Umberta I., jej\u00ed\u017e slavnostn\u00ed neoklasicistn\u00ed linie jsou pam\u00e1tn\u00edkem v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed It\u00e1lie.<\/p>\n
Na severu tvo\u0159\u00ed park Monza a Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 zahrady obehnan\u00fd zd\u00ed o rozloze p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 685 hektar\u016f, kter\u00fd se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 parky v Evrop\u011b. V jeho mez\u00edch se od roku 1922 val\u00ed Autodromo Nazionale pod vzp\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm se kon\u011bm Ferrari a golfov\u00fd klub Milano hostil dev\u011bt ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f turnaje Italian Open. \u0158eka Lambro se vine klidn\u00fdmi t\u016fn\u011bmi a p\u0159es miniaturn\u00ed kask\u00e1dy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i jednoduch\u00e9 mosty, zat\u00edmco instalace Giuliana Mauriho a Giancarla Neriho zdob\u00ed lesn\u00ed porosty. Historick\u00e9 usedlosti \u2013 zejm\u00e9na Mulini San Giorgio z po\u010d\u00e1tku devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed \u2013 nyn\u00ed chovaj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata v kvazi-pasteveck\u00e9m klidu a nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko a bio jogurt v m\u00edstn\u00edch automatech. V \u010dervnu 2017 p\u0159il\u00e1kala n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva pape\u017ee Franti\u0161ka do tohoto lesn\u00edho prostranstv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milion poutn\u00edk\u016f, kde se na h\u0159i\u0161ti i nad\u00e1le konaj\u00ed koncerty a kulturn\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 vila v Monze, kterou v roce 1777 navrhl Giuseppe Piermarini pro c\u00edsa\u0159ovnu Marii Terezii, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti dvou tis\u00edc\u00edch metrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a m\u00e1 zhruba sedm set m\u00edstnost\u00ed. Tento neoklasicistn\u00ed pal\u00e1c, postaven\u00fd podle vzoru Sch\u00f6nbrunnu a Caserty, v\u00edtal m\u00edstokr\u00e1le za Napoleona a pot\u00e9 italskou kr\u00e1lovskou rodinu. Jeho okoln\u00ed zdi \u2013 \u010dtrn\u00e1ct kilometr\u016f postaven\u00e9 mezi lety 1807 a 1808 z trosek kastel\u00e1n\u016f Visconti \u2013 obklopuj\u00ed panstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le spravuje konsorcium region\u00e1ln\u00edch a obecn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Po atent\u00e1tu na Umberta I. 29. \u010dervence 1900 Viktor Emanuel III. vilu zape\u010detil a p\u0159enesl jej\u00ed vybaven\u00ed do Quirinale; teprve v roce 2014, po rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 rekonstrukci, se n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm znovu dostalo p\u0159\u00edstupu do kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch apartm\u00e1n\u016f, recep\u010dn\u00edch s\u00e1l\u016f a pokoj\u016f pro hosty p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch pro Vil\u00e9ma II. N\u011bmeck\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
Divadeln\u00ed a filmov\u00fd \u017eivot v Monze vzkv\u00e9t\u00e1 v m\u00edstech, jako jsou Teatro Manzoni a Teatro Villoresi, spolu s Sala San Carlo a kinem Teodolinda. Muzea spojen\u00e1 s Duomo vystavuj\u00ed ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 poklady \u2013 mezi nimi\u017e je Slepice s ku\u0159aty a Agilulf\u016fv k\u0159\u00ed\u017e \u2013 v kontrastu s pozdn\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdmi a modern\u00edmi d\u00edly. Kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 tradice Insubrie a Brianzy se prosazuj\u00ed ve vydatn\u00fdch pokrmech: pomalu du\u0161en\u00e9 zel\u00ed a vep\u0159ov\u00e9 maso od cassoeuly; dr\u0161\u0165kov\u00fd gul\u00e1\u0161 od busecy; a rizoto s luganegskou klob\u00e1sou sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o agr\u00e1rn\u00edch ko\u0159enech regionu a jeho trval\u00e9m spojen\u00ed s mil\u00e1nskou gastronomi\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Monzsk\u00e1 komunita je pout\u00e1na ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmi rytmy. Velk\u00e1 cena It\u00e1lie Formule 1 \u2013 druhou ned\u011bli v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u2013 l\u00e1k\u00e1 nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed vozy sv\u011bta na klikat\u00e9 rovinky parku, kde maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost krot\u00ed pouze \u0161ikany. Od roku 1950 se na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b nekonal v\u00edce nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edk\u016f Velk\u00e9 ceny; od jedin\u00e9ho italsk\u00e9ho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Ludovica Scarfiottiho v roce 1966 se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed jezdec nedostal na vrchol stup\u0148\u016f v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f, p\u0159esto tifosi Ferrari \u2013 od\u011bn\u00ed v rosso corsa \u2013 vytrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed v hlasit\u00e9 oddanosti. Historie okruhu nese i trag\u00e9die: smrt Wolfganga von Tripse (1961), Jochena Rindta, Ronnieho Petersona a tra\u0165ov\u00e9ho komisa\u0159e v roce 2000 a d\u011bsiv\u00e1 nehoda motocyklu v roce 1973, kter\u00e1 si v Curva Grande vy\u017e\u00e1dala Jarna Saarinena a Renza Pasoliniho. Monza, dechberouc\u00ed d\u016fkaz rychlosti, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed trat\u00ed v kalend\u00e1\u0159i a nevhodnou pro z\u00e1vody MotoGP nebo Superbike.<\/p>\n
\u010cervnov\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na \u0161est\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tek svat\u00e9ho Gerarda dei Tintoriho, kter\u00fd se slav\u00ed v kostele San Gerardo, jednoho z patron\u016f Monzy. Nez\u00e1vodn\u00ed p\u011b\u0161\u00ed pochod za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u010dervna z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na v\u00fdzkum rakoviny, zat\u00edmco no\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vod Monza-Resegone n\u00e1sleduje v sobotu po 24. \u010dervnu, kdy oh\u0148ostroj \u2013 v choreografii s hudbou \u2013 osv\u011btl\u00ed tr\u00e1vn\u00edky Villa Reale na po\u010dest svat\u00e9ho Jana K\u0159titele. Tyto spole\u010dn\u00e9 okam\u017eiky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi minulost\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed, kde se prol\u00edn\u00e1 oddanost a sport, vzpom\u00ednka a oslava.<\/p>\n
Dopravn\u00ed tepny propojuj\u00ed Monzu s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed. Jej\u00ed vlakov\u00e9 n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na ji\u017en\u00edm okraji historick\u00e9ho centra, je uzlem p\u0159\u00edm\u011bstsk\u00fdch linek S7, S8, S9 a S11, region\u00e1ln\u00edch spoj\u016f do Lecca, Coma, Bergama a Saronna a ob\u010dasn\u00fdch vlak\u016f EuroCity. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mil\u00e1nsk\u00fdch linek metra M1 a M5 \u2013 ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b od roku 2024 \u2013 slibuje p\u0159iv\u00e9st metro do centra m\u011bsta. Silnice se sb\u00edhaj\u00ed p\u0159es d\u00e1lnici A4-E64 (Tur\u00edn\u2013Mil\u00e1n\u2013Ben\u00e1tky), okruhy A52 a A51 a silnici SS36, kter\u00e1 se vine sm\u011brem k Leccu a Sondrio; kr\u00e1tk\u00fd tunel zm\u00edr\u0148uje dopravu v m\u00edst\u011b, kde st\u00e1tn\u00ed silnice vstupuj\u00ed do centra, jeho\u017e historick\u00e9 j\u00e1dro z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pro pr\u016fjezd uzav\u0159eno.<\/p>\n
Monzsk\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed \u2013 geometrick\u00e9 srdce zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Piazza Roma \u2013 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Arengario a \u00fast\u00ed do ulice Via Lambro, nejstar\u0161\u00ed tepny m\u011bsta. Tuto uli\u010dku lemuj\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 domy, kter\u00e9 lemuj\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00ed stranu katedr\u00e1ly a vrchol\u00ed u mostu Ponte dei Leoni z roku 1842. Na severu se p\u0159es \u0159eku Lambro rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 most San Gerardino z roku 1715, kter\u00fd je pobl\u00ed\u017e kostela zasv\u011bcen\u00e9ho dal\u0161\u00edmu patronovi m\u011bsta. Na ulic\u00edch Via Italia a Via Carlo Alberto stoj\u00ed jako n\u011bm\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed stalet\u00ed v\u00edry kostely Santa Maria in Strada a San Pietro Martire ze \u010dtrn\u00e1ct\u00e9ho a devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Monza ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edcilet\u00ed tk\u00e1 svou identitu z dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a ceremoni\u00ed, \u0159eky a parku, katedr\u00e1ly a vily. M\u011bsto se br\u00e1n\u00ed povrchn\u00edm charakterizac\u00edm: nen\u00ed to ani rustik\u00e1ln\u00ed vesni\u010dka, ani uhlazen\u00e1 metropole, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e meziprostor historie a modernity, kde kv\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1vodn\u00edch motor\u016f koexistuje s bu\u010den\u00edm voln\u011b pasouc\u00edch se krav a kde pam\u00e1tky lombardsk\u00fdch kr\u00e1loven ti\u0161e bd\u00ed nad ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivotem. V jej\u00edch ulic\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk vn\u00edmat vrstvy \u010dasu, kter\u00e9 se staly hmatateln\u00fdmi: od Theodelindiny modlitebn\u00ed kaple a\u017e po avantgardn\u00ed instalace na\u0161eho stolet\u00ed. Monza tak stoj\u00ed jako neochv\u011bjn\u00fd d\u016fkaz komplexn\u00ed lombardsk\u00e9 civilizace, m\u00edsto zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 tradice i ne\u00fanavn\u00e9 invence.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Monza, energick\u00e9 m\u011bsto v regionu Lombardie v It\u00e1lii, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed asi 15 kilometr\u016f severo-severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od Mil\u00e1na. M\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 123 000 obyvatel a funguje jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto provincie Monza a Brianza. Tato pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed metropole je celosv\u011btov\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 pro sv\u016fj legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, v\u00e1\u017eenou motoristickou z\u00e1vodn\u00ed dr\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b host\u00ed Velkou cenu It\u00e1lie formule 1.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3718,"parent":11663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11684","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11684\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}