Lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed je n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed mikrost\u00e1t s 40 023 obyvateli, kter\u00fd se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na 160 kilometrech \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch v \u00fadol\u00ed Horn\u00edho R\u00fdna ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch Alp\u00e1ch, zasazen\u00fd mezi Rakousko na v\u00fdchod\u011b a severu a \u0160v\u00fdcarsko na z\u00e1pad\u011b a jihu.<\/p>\n
Lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00fd ter\u00e9n prudce stoup\u00e1 od z\u00e1plavov\u00e9 oblasti R\u00fdna k drsn\u00fdm alpsk\u00fdm vrcholk\u016fm. Kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00ed od jihu k severu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 24 kilometr\u016f a v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b 12 kilometr\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hranice se po p\u0159esn\u00fdch pr\u016fzkumech dokon\u010den\u00fdch v roce 2006 rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed na 77,9 kilometru. Jeho z\u00e1padn\u00ed hranici zcela definuje R\u00fdn, kter\u00fd formoval jak hydrologii zem\u011b, tak i jej\u00ed ran\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Navzdory sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 rozloze je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina zem\u011b klasifikov\u00e1na jako hornat\u00e1, co\u017e je topografick\u00e9 \u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je z\u00e1kladem jak jej\u00ed klimatick\u00e9 prom\u011bnlivosti, tak rozlo\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n
Klima je zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1no p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edmi ji\u017en\u00edmi v\u011btry a ochrannou bari\u00e9rou sousedn\u00edch poho\u0159\u00ed. Zimy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e chladn\u00e9 ne\u017e tuh\u00e9, mrazy z\u0159\u00eddka klesaj\u00ed pod -15 \u00b0C a ji\u017en\u00ed f\u00e9nov\u00e9 v\u011btry \u010dasto zvy\u0161uj\u00ed teploty na 15 \u00b0C i v polovin\u011b zimy. L\u00e9ta jsou m\u00edrn\u00e1, denn\u00ed teploty z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159esahuj\u00ed 28 \u00b0C. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eky v \u00fadol\u00ed se pohybuj\u00ed mezi 900 a 1 200 milimetry a na vysok\u00fdch svaz\u00edch dosahuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 900 milimetr\u016f, co\u017e udr\u017euje zelen\u00e9 louky a sady, kter\u00e9 p\u0159eru\u0161uj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky.<\/p>\n
Hydrologick\u00e9 rysy d\u00e1le definuj\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed. R\u00fdn, kter\u00fd je v r\u00e1mci hranic Lichten\u0161tejnska dlouh\u00fd t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 27 kilometr\u016f, slou\u017e\u00ed jak jako z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 tepna pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou, tak jako rekrea\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1j. Jeho jedin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed jezero, Gampriner Seelein, vzniklo v roce 1927, kdy\u017e povod\u0148ov\u00e1 voda vytesala novou p\u00e1nev; dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee, jako je n\u00e1dr\u017e Steg, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed alpsk\u00fd odtok k v\u00fdrob\u011b vodn\u00ed energie. \u0158eka Samina, kter\u00e1 se t\u00e1hne 10 kilometr\u016f od sv\u00e9ho horsk\u00e9ho pramene v Triesenbergu a\u017e k soutoku s \u0159ekou Ill v Rakousku, nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00faseky s divokou vodou, kter\u00e9 si cen\u00ed nad\u0161enci sj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Historicky Lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00fd rod, pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd na suver\u00e9nn\u00ed vl\u00e1du v roce 1719, ustanovil kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed jako polokonstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchii. Vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed kn\u00ed\u017ee si ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dnou pravomoc, v\u010detn\u011b legislativn\u00edho veta, jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed soudc\u016f a odvol\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u2013 pravomoci, kter\u00e9 byly znovu potvrzeny a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny v referendu v roce 2003. Hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Vaduz slou\u017e\u00ed jako s\u00eddlo vl\u00e1dy a dopl\u0148uje ho deset dal\u0161\u00edch obc\u00ed. Schaan, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obec, spojuje pr\u016fmyslovou \u010dinnost s obytn\u00fdmi \u010dtvrt\u011bmi, zat\u00edmco Balzers, Triesen a Triesenberg se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na teras\u00e1ch a svaz\u00edch stoupaj\u00edc\u00edch k alpsk\u00e9 vyso\u010din\u011b.<\/p>\n
Jeden\u00e1ct lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00fdch okres\u016f (Gemeinden) je seskupeno ve dvou volebn\u00edch obvodech: Oberland (horn\u00ed zem\u011b) a Unterland (doln\u00ed zem\u011b). Oberland zahrnuje Vaduz, Schaan, Triesen, Triesenberg a Planken, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich le\u017e\u00ed na vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch svaz\u00edch nebo kopc\u00edch. Unterland, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ein\u011b, zahrnuje Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Ruggell a Schellenberg. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 obec si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 odli\u0161n\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice \u2013 od vina\u0159sk\u00fdch teras v Schaanu a\u017e po zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pozemky v Ruggellu \u2013 a p\u0159esto se v\u0161echny dr\u017e\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho r\u00e1mce.<\/p>\n
Ekonomika kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed se vyzna\u010duje jedn\u00edm z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch HDP na obyvatele (parita kupn\u00ed s\u00edly) na sv\u011bt\u011b. Siln\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd sektor vyr\u00e1b\u00ed vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, elektrick\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed a elektroniku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Hilti \u2013 v\u00fdrobce upev\u0148ovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatele. Mal\u00e9 farmy a sady se rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed mezi vesnicemi a produkuj\u00ed obil\u00ed, brambory, ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky a v\u00edno. V kovoobr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00edch a p\u0159esn\u00fdch stroj\u00edrensk\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 obsluhuj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy, p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 cechovn\u00ed pozornost v\u011bnovan\u00e1 \u0159emesln\u00e9mu zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Finan\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby jsou t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm ekonomick\u00e9 krajiny. Siluetu Vaduzu dotv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed bankovn\u00ed \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed, jejich\u017e fiduci\u00e1rn\u00ed operace z\u00edskaly na po\u010d\u00e1tku 21. stolet\u00ed na v\u00fdznamu i proslulosti. Po mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kontrole a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 da\u0148ov\u00e9 af\u00e9\u0159e v roce 2008 vl\u00e1da p\u0159ijala opat\u0159en\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed transparentnosti, aby se sladila s glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi standardy. Lichten\u0161tejnsko si dnes udr\u017euje renomovan\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 roli specializovan\u00e9ho centra pro spr\u00e1vu majetku a sv\u011b\u0159eneck\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n
Cestovn\u00ed ruch p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd terci\u00e1rn\u00ed sektor s ro\u010dn\u00edm po\u010dtem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se 80 000. Host\u00e9 jsou l\u00e1k\u00e1ni kombinac\u00ed alpsk\u00fdch aktivit a kulturn\u00edch nab\u00eddek kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed. Malbunsk\u00e9 sjezdovky, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1 600 a\u017e 2 000 metr\u016f, poskytuj\u00ed sjezdovky pro ly\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a snowboarding; turistick\u00e9 stezky k\u0159i\u017euj\u00ed horsk\u00e9 louky a stoupaj\u00ed na vrcholy, jako je Grauspitz (2 599 m), nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bod lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00e9ho vrcholov\u00e9ho seznamu 32 hor nad 2 000 m.<\/p>\n
Kulturn\u00ed identitu utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e1 populace mluv\u00edc\u00ed alemansk\u00fdm jazykem, z nich\u017e 92 procent uv\u00e1d\u00ed n\u011bm\u010dinu jako sv\u016fj prim\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyk, zat\u00edmco v ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u0159e\u010di p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed dialekty bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdm a rakousk\u00fdm form\u00e1m. Triesenberg si udr\u017euje charakteristick\u00fd walsersk\u00fd dialekt, kter\u00fd je propagov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u00edstn\u00edch iniciativ. Obyvatel\u00e9 narozen\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u0159etinu celkov\u00e9 populace, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z N\u011bmecka, Rakouska a \u0160v\u00fdcarska a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k v\u00edcejazy\u010dn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Existuje mnoho instituc\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Kunstmuseum Liechtenstein, dokon\u010den\u00e9 v roce 2000, p\u0159edstavuje budovu ve tvaru \u201e\u010dern\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ky\u201c z betonu a \u010dedi\u010de, v n\u00ed\u017e jsou vystavena modern\u00ed a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 d\u00edla, je\u017e tvo\u0159\u00ed ve\u0159ejnou tv\u00e1\u0159 kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed sb\u00edrky. Lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum ve Vaduzu uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 archeologick\u00e9, kulturn\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9 artefakty; mezi men\u0161\u00ed instituce pat\u0159\u00ed muzeum venkovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu, ly\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9 muzeum a filatelistick\u00e1 v\u00fdstava.<\/p>\n
Dopravn\u00ed infrastruktura podtrhuje propojen\u00ed Lichten\u0161tejnska i p\u0159es absenci leti\u0161t\u011b. Jeho \u00fazem\u00edm proch\u00e1z\u00ed jedin\u00e1 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed tra\u0165 \u2013 trasa Feldkirch\u2013Buchs \u2013 obsluhovan\u00e1 vlakem S2 Vorarlberg S-Bahn. \u010cty\u0159i stanice (Forst Hilti, Nendeln, Schaan-Vaduz a Schaanwald) jsou napojeny na rakousk\u00e9 a \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, a\u010dkoli spoje z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed orientov\u00e1ny na cestuj\u00edc\u00ed ve \u0161pi\u010dce. Dob\u0159e podporovan\u00e1 autobusov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 jezd\u00ed v patn\u00e1ctiminutov\u00fdch intervalech a integruje se se syst\u00e9my Swiss Postbus a rakousk\u00fd \u00d6BB; dr\u017eitel\u00e9 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9ho cestovn\u00edho pr\u016fkazu Swiss Travel Pass mohou voln\u011b cestovat lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00fdmi autobusy.<\/p>\n
Silnice se t\u00e1hnou p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 250 kilometr\u016f, z toho zna\u010den\u00e9 cyklostezky sahaj\u00ed 90 kilometr\u016f. Rychlostn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed po\u017eadavky \u00fazk\u00fdch, klikat\u00fdch koridor\u016f obydlen\u00fdmi \u00fadol\u00edmi. P\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed mosty v Balzersu a Vaduzu se napojuj\u00ed na \u0161v\u00fdcarskou d\u00e1lnici A13\/E34, co\u017e usnad\u0148uje n\u00e1kladn\u00ed a soukromou dopravu. Cesta automobilem z Feldkirchu nebo Buchsu umo\u017e\u0148uje vjezd bez d\u00e1lni\u010dn\u00edch poplatk\u016f, nicm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 a rakousk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my d\u00e1lni\u010dn\u00edch zn\u00e1mek ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br trasy jak pro obyvatele, tak pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edky.<\/p>\n
Zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby jsou soust\u0159ed\u011bny v jedin\u00e9 nemocnici ve Vaduzu, Liechtensteinisches Landesspital. Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed instituce nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u00edcejazy\u010dn\u00e9 kurikulum na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u00farovni; terci\u00e1rn\u00ed studium \u010dasto prob\u00edh\u00e1 v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed knihovna ve Vaduzu uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 povinn\u00e9 v\u00fdtisky v\u0161ech dom\u00e1c\u00edch publikac\u00ed a podporuje v\u00fdzkum v oblasti kulturn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch studi\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Slavnosti zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed solidaritu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd srpen se obyvatelstvo shroma\u017e\u010fuje na hrad\u011b Vaduz k oslav\u011b Dne panovn\u00edka. Poddan\u00ed jsou zv\u00e1ni na kn\u00ed\u017eec\u00ed pozemek, aby byli sv\u011bdky projev\u016f, \u00fa\u010dastnili se spole\u010dn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpitk\u016f a ochutnali pivo zdarma \u2013 ritu\u00e1l, kter\u00fd posiluje loajalitu k monarchii a podtrhuje kolektivn\u00ed identitu p\u011bstovanou po stalet\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed suverenity a kulturn\u00ed osobitosti Lichten\u0161tejnska uprost\u0159ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch soused\u016f sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o jeho odolnosti. Jeho polokonstitu\u010dn\u00ed monarchie vyva\u017euje tradici a adaptaci, zat\u00edmco jeho ekonomika spojuje dovednosti v p\u0159esn\u00e9m in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed s o\u017eiven\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm sektorem. Alpsk\u00fd ter\u00e9n kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed formuje klima i \u017eivotn\u00ed styl a nab\u00edz\u00ed louky, svahy a vrcholy, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, rekreaci a pocit soun\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Na kompaktn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed, kde francouzsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed turist\u00e9 z\u0159\u00eddka vystupuj\u00ed, si n\u011bmecky mluv\u00edc\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 udr\u017euj\u00ed zvyky zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 v \u00fadoln\u00edm vesnick\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, c\u00edrkevn\u00edch ob\u0159adech a ocen\u011bn\u00ed tich\u00e9 d\u016fstojnosti horsk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed. Existence n\u00e1roda, v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i stolet\u00ed od jeho pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed na suverenitu, i nad\u00e1le odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00e9 hospoda\u0159en\u00ed se zdroji, p\u0159ijet\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed anga\u017eovanosti a z\u00e1vazek k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed i inovac\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Lichten\u0161tejnsko, form\u00e1ln\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako Lichten\u0161tejnsk\u00e9 kn\u00ed\u017eectv\u00ed, je mal\u00fd evropsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed v Alp\u00e1ch. Tento mikrost\u00e1t p\u0159edstavuje zaj\u00edmavou sm\u011bs star\u00e9 monarchie a sou\u010dasn\u00e9 demokracie s bohatou histori\u00ed a odli\u0161n\u00fdm politick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Lichten\u0161tejnsko, jeden z pouh\u00fdch dvou dvou vnitrozemsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, le\u017e\u00ed mezi Rakouskem a \u0160v\u00fdcarskem; druh\u00fd je Uzbekist\u00e1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4559,"parent":24078,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_theme","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11538","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11538"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11538\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24078"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4559"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}