{"id":63571,"date":"2025-11-20T10:11:56","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T10:11:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/?p=63571"},"modified":"2026-02-23T22:43:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T22:43:48","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%83%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/magazine\/outdoor-adventures\/the-planets-most-active-volcanoes\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 10 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-&nbsp;<strong>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629) - 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\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<br>-&nbsp;<strong>\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0644<\/strong>&nbsp;(Mexico) \u2013 Since 2005, this volcano has been nearly continuously restless. It is \u201cone of Mexico\u2019s most active volcanoes\u201d with frequent explosions and ash plumes. Its eruptions (VEI&nbsp;1\u20133) spray ash across populated areas near Mexico City.<br>-&nbsp;<strong>\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/strong>&nbsp;(Indonesia) \u2013 In 2010 this volcano awoke after ~400 years of quiet. It has since erupted almost continuously (mostly explosions up to VEI&nbsp;2\u20133) with frequent pyroclastic flows. Its cycles of dome growth and collapse keep northern Sumatra on alert.<br>-&nbsp;<strong>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) - \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a. \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\"\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a (~11700 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 20 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627 (\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627 (\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2024 \u06482025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a) \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u064870 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/em>&nbsp;\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \"\u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627\"\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645&nbsp;<em>\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637<\/em>&nbsp;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 11,700 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 (GVP). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (USGS) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623&nbsp;<em>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062f<\/em>&nbsp;\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638.&nbsp;<em>\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636<\/em>&nbsp;\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627. 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\u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (GPS) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (InSAR) \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\/\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO\u2082) (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a (\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642). \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a) 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0629 (3\u00b010\u2032N, 98\u00b023\u2032E).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a \u062e\u0627\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0663\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643) \u2013 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 (19\u00b02\u2032N\u060c 98\u00b037\u2032W)\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0666\u0660\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629). \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a (VEI 4) \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0661\u0665 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 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55\u00b042\u2032E).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u061b \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. 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\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0661\u0667\u0660\u0668 \u0648\u0661\u0667\u0667\u0664\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 (\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0667\u0667\u0664) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0661\u0669\u0667\u0667 \u0648\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0668 (\u063a\u0637\u062a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667 (\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0The Observatoire Volcanologique du Piton de la Fournaise (OVPF-IPGP) runs continuous GPS, tilt, and webcam monitoring. These instruments often give warning days before an eruption (inflation of the summit). Ground deformation typically rises >1\u202fm across the volcano before a fissure event.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631)\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0631 (13\u00b037\u2032N, 40\u00b039\u2032E).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0646\" \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644) \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 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(\u0643\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627) \u2013 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (56\u00b039\u2032N, 161\u00b020\u2032E).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0643\u0627 (KVERT) \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 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(\u063a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627) \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 (14\u00b023\u2032N\u060c 90\u00b035\u2032W)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 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\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite advances, many questions remain. Eruption triggering is still imperfectly understood: why exactly a volcano erupts now versus decades later. We know some triggers (magma injection vs. hydrothermal explosion) but predicting the \u201cwhen\u201d remains tricky. Volcano-climate links need more study: the full global impact of smaller VEI&nbsp;4\u20135 eruptions is uncertain. Under-monitored volcanoes pose a problem; many in developing regions lack real-time data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0630 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629) \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u061f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e (\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 VEI\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 VEI (\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a):<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0660 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0668\u061b \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0661\u0660 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (VEI) \u0660-\u0661: \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a)\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (VEI) \u0663-\u0664: \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0666)\u061b \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 (VEI) \u0667-\u0668: \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 VEI \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td><td>\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627 (\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a)<\/td><td>~100 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631)<\/td><td>0\u20132<\/td><td>~20,000 (\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 10 \u0643\u0645)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)<\/td><td>~200 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 1000 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>1-3 (4 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627)<\/td><td>~500,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)<\/td><td>~\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 (\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>1-2<\/td><td>~500 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)<\/td><td>~50 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 1500 \u0645)<\/td><td>2-4<\/td><td>~2,000,000 (\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0627)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648 (\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629)<\/td><td>~200 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627)<\/td><td>1-2<\/td><td>~1,000,000 (\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0632 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/td><td>&gt;150 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631)<\/td><td>0\u20131<\/td><td>~3000 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)<\/td><td>~20 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010)<\/td><td>2-3<\/td><td>~100,000 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643)<\/td><td>~70 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 1500 \u0645)<\/td><td>2-3 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/td><td>~20,000,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 (\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a)<\/td><td>~50 (\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1900 \u0645)<\/td><td>2-3<\/td><td>~20,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631 (\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0648)<\/td><td>\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629)<\/td><td>1-2<\/td><td>~1,000<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 = \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 ~30 \u0643\u0645)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0<em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/em>\u00a0(\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646)\u00a0<em>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u00a0(\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a)\u060c\u00a0<em>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0627<\/em>\u00a0(\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\"\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0661\u0660-\u0661\u0661 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062a) \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \"\u0646\u0634\u0637\" \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \"\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\"\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0662\u0660 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664-\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665) \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 10 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627 (\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0627\u064a)\u060c \u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627)\u060c 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 (VEI 2-3) \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0627\u0633 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 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\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0646\u0634\u0637 = \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627)\u061b \u062e\u0627\u0645\u062f = \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)\u061b \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0636 = \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \"\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\".<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0632) \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646) \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 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\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0663 \u0648\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0668. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f INGV\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f UT Volcanology\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f VolcanoDiscovery\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f JMA\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d 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\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 (InSAR\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631)\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (InSAR) \u0639\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631. \u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631 - \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong><br><strong>\u0623:<\/strong>\u00a0Pyroclastic flows are superheated avalanches of ash, rock, and gas that race down slopes at >100\u202fkm\/h. They occur on viscous volcanoes like Merapi (Indonesia), Colima (Mexico), or Pinatubo (Philippines) when domes or columns collapse.\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0647 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