{"id":1218,"date":"2024-08-07T16:11:01","date_gmt":"2024-08-07T16:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/staging\/?p=1218"},"modified":"2026-02-27T00:42:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T00:42:11","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%aa-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%82%d8%b7-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%a7-%d8%b3%d9%88%d9%81-%d8%aa%d9%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/magazine\/unusual-places\/the-lake-of-death-just-1-hour-here-will-kill-you\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0643"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2015-2016)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0642\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d (\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629: <em>\u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a<\/em>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a 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\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 620 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \"\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\" \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\"\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\"<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Karachay earned a grim reputation. As early as 1990, U.S. nuclear watchdogs called it \u201cthe most polluted place on Earth\u201d. The lake\u2019s sediment contained massive deposits of long-lived radionuclides (notably cesium-137 and strontium-90) from nuclear fuel reprocessing. Government reports and retrospective studies made staggering claims: by the late 1960s, 100% of Karachay\u2019s volume had absorbed about 120 million curies (4.44\u00d710^18 Bq) of radioactivity. For comparison, the 1986 Chernobyl reactor accident released roughly 2.5\u00d710^7 curies (85 petabecquerels) of Cs-137&nbsp;\u2013 an order of magnitude less. Critics noted that at Karachay\u2019s peak the shoreline dose rate was about 600 R\u00f6ntgen per hour, \u201csufficient to kill a person in an hour\u201d. (600 R\/h is roughly 6 sieverts\/hour \u2013 a dose that causes acute radiation syndrome and death in under an hour.) Those figures cement Karachay\u2019s label as possibly the deadliest body of water ever used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.4 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 (EBq) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645-137 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3.6 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0645-90 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.74 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644) \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a. (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f = 10^18 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644). \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 120 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a (Ci) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 185 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 (PBq) (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 Worldwatch \u0648 NRDC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0646 - \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a (<em>\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a-817<\/em>\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f 900 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1948) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 - \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0643 - \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\" 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\u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 - \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f). \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646 (R) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 (\u22480.0093 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0627\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0628 1 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.009 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a (9 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 0.009 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a (\u0644\u0623\u0646 1 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a \u2248 1 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0627). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u00d7 0.009 = 5.4 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 (~6-7 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 4 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. 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\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/strong>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.44 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 5 \u064812 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.085 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 (85 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644) \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645-137 \u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"translation-block\"><strong>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong>: \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 (600 R\/h) \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 300 R\/h).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 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220 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627). \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \"\u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\" \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 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\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 85,000 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a). \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final phase came under a modern federal program (2008\u20132015) to eliminate \u201cradon sources\u201d at Mayak. By 2015 the plan was to fully backfill the basin and cap it. In the months before closure, Rosatom reports indicate 650 m\u00b3 of special concrete was injected into the lake\u2019s bottom through 38 boreholes. Then heavy equipment dumped thick layers of rock and concrete across the bed. According to the Nuclear Safety Institute (IBRAE), by late 2015 the entire former lakebed was covered with a reinforced layer of stone and concrete. On November 2, 2015, Russia announced that Karachay had been \u201csealed off\u201d&nbsp;\u2013 meaning the waste was now physically isolated from the atmosphere. In effect, the polluted mud was buried under several meters of inert fill.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 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\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1951 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0640 4.44 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 (EBq) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623\u062a \"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629\" \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u061f<\/strong> \u062c: \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 - \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 6 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 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\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a 55.67 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c 60.80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0643 (\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 (\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643-40 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u061f<\/strong> \u062c: \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 120 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 (4.44 \u00d7 10^18 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644). \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645-137 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0645-90. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 85 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645-137\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 3600 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645-137. \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 600 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0646\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/strong> \u0623: \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639<\/em> \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.44 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644) \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 (5-12 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 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\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0633: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong> \u0623: \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 (\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627) \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (1945-2016)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \/ \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>\u062d\u062f\u062b<\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>1945\u20131948<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1949\u20131956<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0634\u0627<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 96 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0634\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1951<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/em> \u2013 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a (\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u064a\u0634\u0627)<em>.<\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1957 (29 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631)<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0645<\/em> \u2013 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 800 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 (20 \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1963\u20131968<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \/ \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 185 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 500 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1978\u20131986<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10000 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1990s<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 ~600 R\/h \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2008\u20132015<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/em> \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0646 650 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2015<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/em> \u2013 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0645\u061b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2016<\/strong><\/td><td><em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/em> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \"\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\" \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-unusual-places","category-magazine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1218"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1218\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/travelshelper.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}